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排序方式: 共有240条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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António O. Soares Danny Haelewaters Olga M. C. C. Ameixa Isabel Borges Peter M. J. Brown Pedro Cardoso Michiel D. de Groot Edward W. Evans Audrey A. Grez Axel Hochkirch Milada Holecová Alois Honěk Ján Kulfan Ana I. Lillebø Zdenka Martinková J. P. Michaud Oldřich Nedvěd Omkar Helen E. Roy Swati Saxena Apoorva Shandilya Arnaud Sentis Jiri Skuhrovec Sandra Viglášová Peter Zach Tania Zaviezo John E. Losey 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e13965
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provide services that are critical to food production, and they fulfill an ecological role as a food source for predators. The richness, abundance, and distribution of ladybirds, however, are compromised by many anthropogenic threats. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge of the conservation status of most species and the factors driving their population dynamics hinders the development and implementation of conservation strategies for ladybirds. We conducted a review of the literature on the ecology, diversity, and conservation of ladybirds to identify their key ecological threats. Ladybird populations are most affected by climate factors, landscape composition, and biological invasions. We suggest mitigating actions for ladybird conservation and recovery. Short-term actions include citizen science programs and education, protective measures for habitat recovery and threatened species, prevention of the introduction of non-native species, and the maintenance and restoration of natural areas and landscape heterogeneity. Mid-term actions involve the analysis of data from monitoring programs and insect collections to disentangle the effect of different threats to ladybird populations, understand habitat use by taxa on which there is limited knowledge, and quantify temporal trends of abundance, diversity, and biomass along a management-intensity gradient. Long-term actions include the development of a worldwide monitoring program based on standardized sampling to fill data gaps, increase explanatory power, streamline analyses, and facilitate global collaborations. 相似文献
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Heidrun Moschitz Andrea Hrabalova Matthias Stolze 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(4):406-425
To better understand the potential for successful and long-term establishment of environmental policy, the aim of this paper is to explore the network dynamics of a policy field that has become well established in the EU: organic farming. We look at the dynamics of the organic farming policy network in the Czech Republic over a period of 10 years by applying a comparative formal network analysis. We focused in particular on the distribution of power between actors and how capacities of policy actors have evolved between 2004 (its year of accession to the EU) and 2014. We conclude that the organic farming policy network in the Czech Republic has been highly dynamic and has changed from one that was decidedly influenced by organic sector organizations to a network centralized around the Ministry of Agriculture. However, the organic farming organization managed to maintain its good reputation for competence in organic farming policy, which creates opportunities for the organization to remain active in the policy debate. 相似文献
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中国目前的土壤污染修复资金主要来源于政府财政性投资,融资渠道较为单一。《土壤污染防治行动计划》实施后,如何满足实现土壤污染修复与治理目标的投资需求是一个迫切需要解决的问题,充分创新发挥市场力量,建立长效的融资政策机制是核心内容。本文评估了中国土壤污染修复与治理投融资政策现状,识别了投融资面临的关键问题和挑战,提出了"十三五"时期中国土壤修复与治理的投融资机制建设的政策建议,为"十三五"时期中国土壤修复投融资模式创新提供管理技术支撑。 相似文献
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采用开顶式生长室(Open-top chamber,OTC)连续8 a(2008~2015年)长期模拟温度升高,研究滨海芦苇湿地不同土壤深度,及两种代表植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)和白茅(Imperata cylindrical)根际、非根际土壤可培养微生物数量变化对长期增温的响应。结果表明:(1)相对于对照,长期增温导致土壤可培养微生物的数量显著增加。其中,增温对土壤表层细菌、真菌的数量影响显著,细菌在第一层的增幅最大,增加率为34.16%,真菌在第三层的增幅最大,增加了64.42%。增温对20~40 cm土层放线菌影响显著,其中在第二层达到最大增加率59.47%;(2)长期增温对芦苇根际土壤微生物的根际效应变化的影响不大,表现为各土层芦苇根际效应增温对照,而白茅根际真菌和放线菌分别在第二层和第三层有显著差异;(3)不同的植物类型,其根际可培养微生物数量及根际效应对长期增温的响应不一致,表现为芦苇和白茅根际土壤可培养微生物数量及根际效应的增加幅度不同,这可能与植物不同类型,根际分泌物种类、数量的差异有关。 相似文献
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The potential to capture carbon from industrial sources and dispose of it for the long-term, known as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), is widely recognized as an important option to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, CCS has the potential to provide emissions cuts sufficient to stabilize greenhouse gas levels, while still allowing for the continued use of fossil fuels. In addition, CCS is both technologically-feasible and commercially viable compared with alternatives with the same emissions profile. Although the concept appears to be solid from a technical perspective, initial public perceptions of the technology are uncertain. Moreover, little attention has been paid to developing an understanding of the social and political institutional infrastructure necessary to implement CCS projects. In this paper we explore a particularly dicey issue--how to ensure adequate long-term monitoring and maintenance of the carbon sequestration sites. Bonding mechanisms have been suggested as a potential mechanism to reduce these problems (where bonding refers to financial instruments used to ensure regulatory or contractual commitments). Such mechanisms have been successfully applied in a number of settings (e.g., to ensure court appearances, completion of construction projects, and payment of taxes). The paper examines the use of bonding to address environmental problems and looks at its possible application to nascent CCS projects. We also present evidence on the use of bonding for other projects involving deep underground injection of materials for the purpose of long-term storage or disposal. 相似文献
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在辽宁西部褐土上历时10 a的田间试验结果表明:氮肥对提高作物产量效果最好,平均增产率50%,平均每千克 N增产粮食21 kg。供试褐土富磷,试验前3 a施磷肥不显增产作用,之后增产明显,10 a平均增产率10.9%,平均每千克 P增产粮食47 kg。供试褐土富钾,连续10 a施钾肥不显增产作用。 在施用化肥基础上每年以60%收获产品直接堆腐回田,可比对应的化肥处理分别增产(10 a平均)40.6%(无肥对照)、19.5%(N肥基础)、12.1%(NP肥)和8.1%(NPK肥),平均年增产粮食(混合、烘干)分别为1.54、1.08、0.79、0.52 t/hm2。养分循环再利用的作物增产效益在试验的10 a中有着逐年增长的趋势,表明以堆肥形式循环回田养分的作物增产作用有着明显的残效叠加效应。 相似文献
90.
非点源污染是造成流域水环境恶化的重要原因之一,掌握非点源污染的时空分布特征是流域水环境污染防治和流域综合管理的基础性工作.为落实国家《水污染防治行动计划》,四川省启动了濑溪河等流域综合治理达标方案编制工作,探明濑溪河流域非点源污染负荷及其分布特征是该方案编制的前提.以四川省境内濑溪河流域为研究区域,基于GIS(地理信息系统),利用L-THIA(long-term hydrologic impact assessment,长期水文影响评价)模型,基于2015年土地利用地图数据、土壤水文数据以及长时间序列(2009—2014年)逐日降雨数据,调整模型参数,使模型模拟径流量符合水文站监测数据,进而模拟2014—2015年流域内的非点源污染负荷空间分布.L-THIA模型模拟得到濑溪河流域径流量约为5.10×108 m3,和控制水文站实测径流量相比,模型模拟相对误差为5%,表明模型模拟质量较好,模拟结果可信度较高.结果表明,流域内TP、NH3-N、CODCr非点源污染负荷分别为204.10、353.12、5 162.53 t;农业用地对研究区的非点源污染影响最大,林地最小;根据濑溪河水系分布特点将研究区划分为16个控制单元,各控制单元TP、NH3-N、CODCr的空间分布特征及比例相似,研究区非点源污染平均负荷强度为3.72 t/km2,TP、NH3-N、CODCr的输出范围分别为(0.08~0.15)(0.14~0.27)(2.19~3.89)t/km2.研究显示,流域非点源污染产生量的估算和空间分布特征的揭示为编制濑溪河流域水污染治理方案提供了科学参考. 相似文献