THE EFFECTS OF URBAN AREAS ON BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN TWO COLORADO PLAINS RIVERS

Water demands in arid and semi-arid areas, coupled with increased human populations and concomitant changes in land use, can greatly alter aquatic ecosystems. A good example of this type of system occurs along the eastern slope of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Long-term macroinvertebrate metric data from the Big Thompson and Cache la Poudre Rivers, Colorado, were collected at one site above, and three sites in and downstream from urban areas. These data were compared both with regional reference and single reference sites in the respective rivers. Using the surrogate variables of potential urban impact (population and housing units), and the environmental gradient represented primarily by chemical factors, it was determined that there was an effect of urban land use that was reflected in the macroinvertebrate assemblages in both rivers. The most robust results were usually seen when regional reference data were used. However, even using only the upstream reference site in either river indicated some negative impacts from the urban areas. The long-term data, particularly in the Cache la Poudre River, showed that water quality has not been getting worse and there is some evidence of a slight improvement in downstream reaches, even with increased urban development.     

时间序列在秦皇岛港煤尘污染分析中的应用

应用时间序列对秦皇岛港降尘资料进行分析可以对煤尘污染的长期趋势及季节变动情况有一定的了解，这对于今后有效地开展煤尘治理工作有重要的指导意义。     

现代环境事件的冰芯记录

1997年9月，在喜马拉雅山中段希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川海拔7000m冰雪平台钻取14m冰芯一支。1990年以来冰芯中主要离子浓度的变化表明，现代环境事件在达索普冰川雪冰中有一定的记录。已有的证据表明1991年达索普冰芯中SO^2-4浓度的最高值最大可能是由海湾战争引发的1991年春季科威特油井燃烧污染物所致。冰芯中陆源离子（如Ca^2 和SO^2-4等）记录与我国西北地区春季沙尘暴具有某些相关性，其逐年变化趋势与新疆13个城市的降尘变化有一定的共性。     

Neurotransmitter level changes in domestic ducks(Shaoxing duck) growing up in typical mercury contaminated area in China

The neurotransmitter le vel changes of ducks exposed 8-month in a mercury-polluted site(Wanshan, China) and a reference site ( Shanghai, China) were examined. Chemical analyses showed both higher mercury and selenium concentrations in the organ of Wanshan ducks. An increased content of acetylcholine(ACh) in brain and blood and a decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in blood were observed. Moreover, there was an increasing trend for nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity and nitric oxide(NO) production in duck brain, but a reduction of NOS activity in duck serum. The possible explanations were due to the interactive effect of selenium accumulation and the sublethal exposure level of mercury in Wanshan area. The present study showed that AChE and NOS were sensitive to mercury contamination of real circumstance, suggesting that these two indexes have the potential to be biomarkers in assessment of health effects by mercury contamination.     

长期资产减值、盈余管理与价值相关性——基于新会计准则变化的实证研究

2006年2月15日财政部颁布了新的《企业会计准则》,引起了人们广泛的关注,准则中要求长期资产减值准备一经计提就不能转回,这与IASB和FASB对资产减值的规定明显不同。本文就是基于这样的背景,研究按照新会计准则提供的资产减值的信息是否增强了会计信息的价值相关性,一经计提就不能转回的规定是否能有效抑制上市公司的盈余管理行为。文章采用多元线性回归分析以及成对样本非参数检验的方法,对上述问题进行实证分析。研究结果表明,在新会计准则的规定下,上市公司计提的长期减值准备本身具有增量价值相关性,并且新准则实施以后上市公司计提的长期资产减值准备的价值相关性显著高于执行旧会计准则的年度。同时,新准则实施以后上市公司计提短期资产减值准备的盈余管理动机强于长期资产减值准备。这为2007年1月1日起实施的新会计准则中关于已计提的长期资产减值准备不可转回的变革提供了实证支持。     

制导弹药火工品单应力水平加速寿命试验研究

准确判定火工品的剩余寿命,对制导弹药维修工作至关重要。从制导弹药储存的实际情况出发,阐述了适时对火工品实施加速寿命试验的必要性,分析了加速寿命试验中的加速应力、寿命分布、加速系数、应力水平和试验时间,最后结合火工品具有一定储存期和试验为单一应力水平的特点,从不同角度对试验数据处理进行了探讨,从而得出了更为准确的试验结果。     

Sustainability indicators for environmental performance and sustainability assessment of the productions of four fine Italian wines

Increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the introduction of international standards like ISO 14001 stimulated development of environmental sustainability indicators as a means to measure systems environmental performance. Here, a thermodynamic approach, emergy analysis (Odum, 1988) was used to obtain sustainability indicators able to analyse and quantify the productive and ecological performance of four famous Italian wine productions: Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Nobile di Montepulciano, and Barbera d'hti. The application to agricultural production was motivated by the growing need for productive and environmentally sound development in modern agriculture, in which the resource base, the environment, is preserved. The choice of wines, more precisely, grape production, is due to their importance for Italian agriculture and the economy. All the wines demonstrated a good long-term environmental sustainability, especially in view of their high quality and in comparison with the average Italian wine production. Emergy analysis proved a powerful tool for assessing environmental performance of these systems, and its use could easily be extended to other wine productions to obtain a form of environmental performance classification of this product. Systematic use of emergy analysis to assess environmental performance of different processes and products, not necessarily in agriculture, could be useful for environmental certification.     

半水磷石膏地下充填材料的磷和氟浸出特性及地球化学模拟

以半水磷石膏(HPG)地下充填材料为研究对象,采用pH值相关、半动态等浸出试验模拟地下水淋滤环境,评价4种HPG及胶凝充填材料(HPGB)磷和氟的浸出特性及长期释放,结合地球化学模拟探讨磷和氟浸出控制机理.结果表明,生石灰改性的HPGB体系中99.97％可溶性磷和95.92％氟化物得到较好的固定,转化为Ca3(PO4)...     

泰山酸雨长期变化趋势及影响因素

酸雨污染是我国长期面临的重大环境问题之一。本研究基于泰山山顶（海拔1534 m）降水资料,探究了1992—?2020年泰山酸雨的长期变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明：泰山降水年均pH值经历了波动上升（1992—?1998年）—?下降（1999—?2008年）—?上升（2009—?2017年）—?平稳（2018—?2020年）四个阶段,酸雨问题最严重的阶段发生于2007年和2008年。SO2、NOx排放量与泰山降水年均pH值之间具有良好的负相关关系,表明酸性气体排放是导致酸雨问题的重要原因。受土壤源气溶胶的中和作用和低层大气云下冲刷过程的影响,泰安市（地面站点）相对泰山山顶降水酸度降低、酸雨频率减小。泰山酸雨由“硫酸型”、“硫酸-硝酸型”已转变为“硝酸型”,进一步削减NOx排放量是降低酸雨污染的重要措施。     

Long-Term Biomonitoring with Lichens: Comparing Data from Different Sampling Procedures

The results of 2 biomonitoring surveys carried out over a span of 7 years (1996–2003) in the Province of Ancona (central Italy) using the diversity of epiphytic lichens are reported. According to a recent standardisation process, in 2003 a different protocol was adopted, raising the problem of data comparability with the previous study. For this reason, a ‘pilot study' was carried out in which the two sampling tactics were both used. The high correlation between biodiversity values proved by the results of this study, let to compare the two lichen diversity data set and to identify the impacts on lichen communities of temporal variations of atmospheric quality in the study area, showing a reduction of stations classified as ‘altered' and an increase in stations classified as ‘semi-altered'. Furthermore, possible reduction of the sampling effort was detected performing a study on the sampling density of the survey area, indicating in a 6 × 6 km grid the best density to adopt in order to save financial resources for the future.