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111.
利用川渝地区1960-2006年逐月降水量资料和美国NOAA Research/ESRL逐月再分析海表温度(SST)资料,采用经验正交函数分解(EOF)、点相关、合成分析和奇异值分解(SVD)等方法,详细探讨了川渝地区夏季降水量与赤道印度洋海温的关系。结果表明:川渝夏季降水量EOF分解得出的第一模态占总方差的27.8%,降水量的空间分布为全区一致型;川渝地区夏季降水量与赤道印度洋海温区域(10°N~16°S,57~77°E)(下称关键区)存在显著相关。合成分析指出关键区海温异常偏暖(冷),对应川渝地区夏季降水量比常年同期偏多(少)。通过SVD分解发现,川渝地区夏季降水量与关键区海温呈显著相关,具体表现为印度洋关键区海温与川西高原和盆地东部夏季降水量呈同位相变化,与盆地中部降水量呈反位相变化。 相似文献
112.
晋西黄土区林草复合界面雨后土壤水分空间变异规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用统计学方法对晋西黄土区林草复合系统界面上雨后表层(0~10 cm)、亚表层(10~20 cm)和20~40 cm土层土壤水分空间变异性进行研究。结果表明:草地、林地以及二者组成的林草界面的土壤水分含量、变异系数差别均不大,土壤水分含量随着深度的增加而减少,但土壤水分变异系数则相反;移动窗口法分析表明,林草界面对表层和亚表层的土壤水分影响范围均为4.0 m;草地土壤质量含水量的变异函数模型可以拟合成高斯模型,林地和林草界面则可以拟合球状模型,草地土壤水分总体空间异质性要大于林地和林草界面,草地土壤水分变异函数的平均变程为10.96 m,林草界面及林地土壤水分的平均变程分别为5.37 m和4.31 m。对于描述界面土壤水分分布情况,克立格制图直观性强,具有良好效果。 相似文献
113.
河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区功能区调整与生态影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对拟建济晋高速公路工程对太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区的负面生态影响,提出了保护区功能区调整方案,进而分析了功能区调整对保护区的正面生态影响,并就生态保护与补偿措施问题提出了建议与对策。 相似文献
114.
115.
A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Junyu Zheng Lijun Zhang Wenwei Che Zhuoyun Zheng Shasha Yin 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):5112-5122
A highly resolved temporal and spatial Pearl River Delta (PRD) regional emission inventory for the year 2006 was developed with the use of best available domestic emission factors and activity data. The inventory covers major emission sources in the region and a bottom–up approach was adopted to compile the inventory for those sources where possible. The results show that the estimates for SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5 and VOC emissions in the PRD region for the year 2006 are 711.4 kt, 891.9 kt, 3840.6 kt, 418.4 kt, 204.6 kt, and 1180.1 kt, respectively. About 91.4% of SO2 emissions were from power plant and industrial sources, and 87.2% of NOx emissions were from power plant and mobile sources. The industrial, mobile and power plant sources are major contributors to PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, accounting for 97.7% of the total PM10 and 97.2% of PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Mobile, biogenic and VOC product-related sources are responsible for 90.5% of the total VOC emissions. The emissions are spatially allocated onto grid cells with a resolution of 3 km × 3 km, showing that anthropogenic air pollutant emissions are mainly distributed over PRD central-southern city cluster areas. The preliminary temporal profiles were established for the power plant, industrial and on-road mobile sources. There is relatively low uncertainty in SO2 emission estimates with a range of −16% to +21% from power plant sources, medium to high uncertainty for the NOx emissions, and high uncertainties in the VOC, PM2.5, PM10 and CO emissions. 相似文献
116.
陕西关中地区城市灾害评价 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
本文在详细分析关中地区六个大中城市的主要自然灾害和城市地质灾害的基础上,分别评价了各种灾害造成的经济损失,各个城市的灾害危险性、易损性和抗灾能力,并结合防灾对策对城市进行了综合分类。 相似文献
117.
西南地区1959—1961年三年自然灾害分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
该文以丰富而翔实的资料就西南地区1959~1961年三年自然灾害,特别是旱灾的灾情、灾情特点、灾害损失、灾害原因及其经验教训进行了论述. 相似文献
118.
119.
Niimi AJ 《Environmental management》2004,33(5):712-718
The effects of global warming can increase the risk of exotic species introductions in eastern Canadian Arctic waters by reducing surface ice cover and allow increased access to commercial vessels. Ballast water discharged by incoming overseas vessels is an important means for introducing species on a global scale. Analyses of air temperatures at Churchill, Manitoba between 1943 and 2002 indicated an increase in mean temperature within the past decade. Churchill is the only major northern port in this region where grain has been exported on a limited basis due to the short navigation season. Economic analyses of grain exported from Canadian and U.S. ports indicated some cost advantages for using northern ports. The Hudson Bay region is vulnerable to increased exotic species introductions because of its southerly location. Current ballast water exchange measures to reduce the risk of introductions may not be effective because most vessels enter the region with ballast, and the ballast exchange zone is located relatively close to coastal areas where the habitat could be favorable for an introduced species to become established. The probability of a large crab species introduced to this region from northern European waters is discussed. The risk of ballast water–related exotic species introduction to this region may be reduced by expanding the types of cargo handled and developing a strong import market. This approach would accommodate an increase in the number of vessels with cargo, and substantially reduce the volume of ballast carried to this region. 相似文献
120.
J. B. Murphey D. E. Wallace L. J. Lane 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(1):25-37
ABSTRACT: Critical design characteristics of ephermal runoff such as hydrograph rise time, duration, mean peak discharge, volume, peak-volume ratio, and maximum flood were related to physical basin parameters such as area, shape, slope, drainage density, basin relief, stream length, and combinations of these in intermontane watersheds representative of the Mexican Highland section of the Basin and Range Province. Parameters used were restricted to those easily obtainable from maps or aerial photographs. A parameter expressing basin shape and size was developed which proved to be as accurate a predictor as others used in existing prediction equations tested and was simpler and faster to derive. Simple prediction equations derived for hydrograph characteristics were all significant except for volume at the 5% level; three were significant at the 1% level. Relationships determined are applicable in semi-arid basins of the Southwest up to 60 square miles (155 km2) in area. 相似文献