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491.
以乌江渡水库为主要研究对象,揭示了大坝拦截条件下的夏季水化学特征:阴离子以HCO-3,SO2-4为主,阳离子以Ca2+,Mg2+为主,其余离子含量低于10%,说明了碳酸盐岩的风化对水体化学组成起到了主要控制作用,蒸发盐岩石的风化对水体化学组成影响较小。水库水体存在温度分层现象,形成了不同层位的水体有着不同的水化学组成,即水化学分层。水化学的分层形成了溶解组分在水库垂直深度上的规律分布,比如受藻类的影响,Si和叶绿素随深度成相反的变化特征;HCO-3受光合作用和有机质降解的影响,30 m 以上随着水深的增加而递增,30 m 以下呈现相反趋势;水库泄水方式明显改变了水化学各种参数和离子在水体中的分配。乌江水库两主要支流(息烽河和偏岩河)分别对乌江渡坝前水体中的Ca2+,SO2-4,HCO-3,Mg2+和K+,Na+,Cl-有贡献。网箱养鱼、生活污水、农业施肥、酸性矿山废水以及酸雨沉降都会对水体造成不同程度的污染。 相似文献
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低山丘陵区水土保持治理与生态环境效应 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
陈良 《长江流域资源与环境》2004,13(4):370-374
分析了低山丘陵区水土流失等级分布,水土流失的形成原因及危害,指出低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理要以小流域综合治理为主,阐明小流域水土流失的规律性,以及根据小流域3个地貌单元类型按“三条带”模式进行综合治理:山顶林草防治、山腰经济林带整治、山脚坡改梯治理的技术措施,着重论述综合治理的生态环境效应:明显地保水保土保肥,在降雨量相同的情况下等高种植、坡改梯、封山育林雨强明显小于坡耕地,起始产流时间延迟,径流量减少近2/3,土壤侵蚀量明显比坡耕地少得多。土壤侵蚀携带养分,坡耕地损失量最大,等高种植全氮、全磷的损失量最小;坡改梯有机质、有效氮、速效钾流失量较少,说明坡改梯的保肥效果优于等高种植。林草植被对改善生态系统的环境效应和提高生物多样性功能,为低山丘陵区生态环境恢复和农业可持发展奠定基础。 相似文献
493.
E. G. Plotnikova D. O. Rybkina L. N. Anan’ina O. V. Yastrebova V. A. Demakov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2006,37(4):233-240
Microorganisms capable of degrading monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several chlorinated aromatic compounds were isolated from soils polluted with industrial waste from chemical plants. They were identified as representatives of the genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, and Brevibacterium. Among them, bacteria capable of utilizing xenobiotics in a wide range of ambient temperatures and pH and in the presence of high sodium chloride concentrations were revealed. 相似文献
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Douglas G. Boyer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(4):583-588
ABSTRACT A model was developed for predicting mean daily, mean daily minimum, and mean daily maximum temperatures in West Virginia. The model is easily used since the only inputs are elevation, latitude, and julian date. With local calibration, the model is expected to apply to other areas in the Appalachian region. 相似文献
496.
J. Way land Eheart Angela E. Libby 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(5):851-856
The level of water demand for supplemental irrigation and the impact of such demand on water supplies were estimated, as a function of the price of corn (Zea Mays L.). The method of estimation was based on an economic analysis of irrigation practice which assumed constant irrigation costs, profit maximizing behavior on the part of irrigators, and which was deliberately structured to underestimate the level of irrigation water use. The analysis was applied to and used data from the Little Wabash basin in Illinois. No irrigation was predicted at a corn price below $3.50 per bushel. Between $3.50 and about $6.50 per bushel, irrigation was estimated to be profitable for a small region of the basin where acceptable groundwater was available. Above about $6.50 to $7.50, irrigation was found to be profitable in the remainder of the basin, where impoundment storage was required. The potential impact on the water resources of the basin is significant. For a corn price between $3.50 and about $6.50, the probability of a shortfall, defined as the event where the potential demand exceeds the supply, was estimated to be between 2 percent and 20 percent during the growing season. Above about $7.50, this probability was found to be about one-third. The development of policies to control withdrawals for irrigation and other uses is endorsed. 相似文献
497.
ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to elucidate some of the chemical factors affecting the rate and pathways of N transformations in lake sediments. The main emphasis was placed on modifying a noncalcareous sediment with CaCO3 to approximate the composition of a calcareous sediment. Additionally, the effects of Ca2+, CO32-, Mg2+ and OH- were evaluated by using appropriate chemicals. Further, the effect of aluminum sulfate was evaluated with both sediment types. Sediment pH at 7 days was not affected by CaCO3, but was decreased by aluminum sulfate. The CaCO3 treatment increased the rate of ammonification, nitrification, reduction of acetylene to ethylene and methane formation, while with few exceptions the other treatments decreased the rate of the transformations studied. Aluminum sulfate, which has been proposed as a lake restoration treatment, increased ammonification but decreased most of the other transformations. 相似文献
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