控制排气放空噪声的消声器之研究与应用

排气放空噪声是工业上常遇到的噪声源。本文介绍了根据喷注噪声发射理论研制成的小孔喷注与节流降压相复合的新型消声器，适用于高压气源排放，取得了较好的消声效果。鉴于喷注发射噪声的强度取决于喷注的驻压与喷口直径等参量，对节流降压层的设计与控制小孔喷注层的驻压大小，提出了新的见解，可供设计研究喷注消声器参考使用。     

干燥过程中的噪声危害及防治措施

粮食烘干过程的噪声危害必须引起人们的重视，通过对噪声产生的根源及给作业人员健康带来的损害进行分析，结合生产实际，提出了防治措施。     

卧具烘干房蒸汽噪声的治理

针对卧具烘干房蒸汽噪声严重的情况，利用小孔喷射消声原理，采用喷射小孔扩散式蒸汽消声器，并结合工程实际对消声器作了适当改进，治理效果均达到《城市区域环境噪声标准》ＧＢ９０９６—８２二类混合区标准。     

Predicting mass rapid transit noise levels on an elevated station

This study developed a noise prediction model for elevated mass rapid transit (MRT) platforms. Relevant physical and operational parameters (e.g. cruise speed, acceleration and deceleration rates for trains, building fa?ade setbacks and so on) were collected from the Bangkok mass transit system (BTS), the first elevated MRT system operated in Bangkok, Thailand. The equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (L(Aeq)) were collected from both sides of the MRT stations at the center of each platform. The relevant parameters were collected on both platforms and ground level, on both sides of MRT stations. These parameters were statistically tested to determine their correlation with MRT noise. The final model was built from highly correlated parameters using multiple regression analysis with a stepwise regression technique. Statistical evaluation showed a high degree of goodness-of-fit test for the model to the observed data. Therefore, it can be efficiently used for the projection of MRT noise in the affected areas.     

博乐市城市环境噪声分析及防治对策探讨

论述了博乐市自1992-2006年城市环境噪声状况,对交通噪声、生活噪声、建筑施工噪声及发展趋势进行了分析,并提出必须从城市总体规划的战略高度统筹实施综合整治,有效地控制噪声污染.     

某飞机维修公司个人听力防护用品使用情况调查分析

为了解听力防护用品使用过程中的问题,提高我国噪声暴露工人听力防护用品的使用率和有效率,选择噪声危害较大的某飞机维修公司的员工,进行听力防护用品使用情况的问卷调查。结果显示:该公司为员工提供耳塞和耳罩两种听力防护用品;员工的听力保护意识、使用情况较好,使用率达95%,但对听力防护用品相关知识的了解不够全面;能够在工作中一直坚持使用的工人较少,仅占11%,影响工人工作时间使用听力防护用品时间长短的因素主要是其舒适性。调查分析提示:在未来听力防护用品的生产过程中,需要进一步加强和改善舒适性的技术;政府、企业和个人3方面共同参与,降低职业性噪声暴露对工人听力的损伤。     

Impacts of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise from Energy‐Sector Activity on Abundance of Songbirds in the Boreal Forest

Abstract: The effects of human activities in forests are often examined in the context of habitat conversion. Changes in habitat structure and composition are also associated with increases in the activity of people with vehicles and equipment, which results in increases in anthropogenic noise. Anthropogenic noise may reduce habitat quality for many species, particularly those that rely on acoustic signals for communication. We compared the density and occupancy rate of forest passerines close to versus far from noise‐generating compressor stations and noiseless well pads in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. Using distance‐based sampling, we found that areas near noiseless energy facilities had a total passerine density 1.5 times higher than areas near noise‐producing energy sites. The White‐throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Yellow‐rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata), and Red‐eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) were less dense in noisy areas. We used repeat sampling to estimate occupancy rate for 23 additional species. Seven had lower conditional or unconditional occupancy rates near noise‐generating facilities. One‐third of the species examined showed patterns that supported the hypothesis that abundance is influenced by anthropogenic noise. An additional 4 species responded negatively to edge effects. To mitigate existing noise impacts on birds would require approximately $175 million. The merits of such an effort relative to other reclamation actions are discussed. Nevertheless, given the $100 billion energy‐sector investment planned for the boreal forest in the next 10 years, including noise suppression technology at the outset of construction, makes noise mitigation a cost‐effective best‐management practice that might help conserve high‐quality habitat for boreal birds.     

城市建筑施工噪声污染防治对策研究

为了解城市建筑施工噪声污染防治对策问题,文中介绍了城市环境噪声的现状及危害程度,主要包括了环境噪声及污染现状和城市环境噪声对城市市民的危害,探讨了城市环境噪声的管理问题,主要包括环境噪声法和地方性法规的制定、环境监察部门能力建设,最后提出环境噪声污染防治管理对策,主要提出了健全完善行政管理规章制度、加强环境噪声监管能力建设、建立完善衔接配合工作机制和利用强化环境噪声监管、落实铁腕治污,保证城市建筑施工噪声污染防治.     

城市交通噪声对高层建筑的影响及声屏障优化设计研究

结合案例分析交通噪声对临路高层建筑声环境的影响,随着楼层的变化,噪声贡献值呈现抛物线型变化。在第3层～第5层处噪声值达到最大,然后随着楼层增加噪声值逐渐减小;此外低楼层处夜间噪声超标严重。在隔声设计时应重视噪声最大值出现的位置及夜间时段的噪声影响,增加声屏障的高度对提高低楼层隔声效果有较明显作用。对于临路高层建筑,单一的声屏障措施的降噪效果有限且有众多限制因素,采取声屏障＋隔声窗措施有较好的降噪效果。     

Environmental Equity and the Role of Public Policy: Experiences in the Rijnmond Region

This Φ Ψ study of environmental equity uses secondary quantitative data to analyze socioeconomic disparities in environmental conditions in the Rijnmond region of the Netherlands. The disparities of selected environmental indicators—exposure to traffic noise (road, rail, and air), NO₂, external safety risks, and the availability of public green space—are analyzed both separately and in combination. Not only exposures to environmental burdens (“bads”) were investigated, but also access to environmental benefits (“goods”). Additionally, we held interviews and reviewed documents to grasp the mechanisms underlying the environmental equity situation, with an emphasis on the role of public policy. Environmental equity is not a priority in public policy for the greater Rotterdam region known as the Rijnmond region, yet environmental standards have been established to provide a minimum environmental quality to all local residents. In general, environmental quality has improved in this region, and the accumulation of negative environmental outcomes (“bads”) has been limited. However, environmental standards for road traffic noise and NO₂ are being exceeded, probably because of the pressure on space and the traffic intensity. We found an association of environmental “bads” with income for rail traffic noise and availability of public green space. In the absence of regulation, positive environmental outcomes (“goods”) are mainly left up to market forces. Consequently, higher-income groups generally have more access to environmental “goods” than lower-income groups.