After 35 years,have we made progress: A government perspective

The use of irradiation to improve the safety, protect the nutritional benefits, and preserve the quality of fresh and processed foods is a well established and proven technology. Over the past 35 years, the United States Government has invested in the science to confirm safety and in the technology to show application. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration have approved sources of ionizing radiation for the treatment of foods, and their application to most meats, fruits, vegetables, and spices. Despite the value of this technology to the food industry and to the health and welfare of the public, only minimal application of this technology occurs. This underscores the importance of increasing the public's understanding of radiation risks relative to other hazards. Accordingly, in 1995, the Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination of the Executive Office of the President made recommendations for the creation of a centralized National Radiation Information Center that would work closely with Federal departments and agencies in responding to public queries about radiation issues and Federal programs. This article updates a commentary published in 1996 (Young 1996). In the past six years, some progress has been made, including the establishment of a government operated Food Irradiation Information Center, and the completion of final rule making by USDA, thus permitting the safe treatment of meats and poultry. Despite these actions, little progress has been made on the public acceptance of this technology. The need for an informed public and for a better understanding of risks, i.e., risk communication, is noted.     

On the plausible association between environmental conditions and human eye damage

The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation can have various direct and indirect effects on human health, like the incidence of ocular damage. Data of eye damage in residents of three suburban regions in Greece and in two groups of monks/nuns and fishermen are examined here. The statistics performed on these data provides new information about the plausible association between increased levels of solar ultraviolet radiation, air-pollution at ground level, and the development of ocular defects.     

磁浮交通技术在长大干线应用中的环境保护研究

在分析上海磁悬浮交通示范线主要环境问题的基础上．从规划选线，工程性污染控制以及管理措施等方面探讨了高速磁浮交通技术在长大干线应用过程中的环境污染防治措施．为磁浮交通长大干线的应用提供环境保护对策建议。     

哈尔滨市放射源安全管理现状与对策

对放射源的性质、应用及危害进行了系统的论述,同时联系哈尔滨市放射源安全管理的实际现状,分析了存在的不足和问题.哈尔滨市是黑龙江省核技术应用单位集中地,所拥有的放射源枚数约占全省总数的三分之一,存在的主要问题有:领导对放射源安全管理认识不够、放射管理制度不健全、放射环境保护审批手续不全、放射防护设施不健全、放射源监督管理体制不顺.同时,作者提出了今后放射源安全管理方面的具体对策为:理顺体制、强化日常监督管理、加强放射源安全管理知识宣传教育工作、加强制度建设、加大放射源安全管理执法监督力度.     

大型γ辐照装置对周围环境电离辐射的调查分析

通过对大型γ辐照装置周围环境的电离辐射监测与调查,并按照剂量学方法计算分析各相关工作人员及公众的年有效剂量,结果低于<电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准>(GB18871-2002)中的剂量限值的四分之一.表明大型γ辐照装置的厂房辐射防护设施只要按照相关标准进行设计和建设,就不会对环境和公众产生附加剂量的照射.     

Responses of antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis in rape seedling to the combined stresses from simulated acid rain and elevated ultraviolet-B radiation

Effects of the simulated acid rain（AR） and ultraviolet-B（UV-B, 280-320 nm） radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously （AR ＋ UV-B） on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were investigated by the hydroponic culture. The results of static experiment indicated that the tolerance of rape seedling to single stress（AR or UV-B） is stronger than that to dual stresses（AR ＋ UV-B）. Furthermore, the dual stresses had additive effect on catalase activity, and a synergistic effect on MDA content, net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency as well as intercellular CO2 concentration. Meanwhile, it has an independent effect on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate as well as membrane permeability. During 64 h restoration course, the dynamic change in the curves of physiological and biochemical indices were not identical, and none of them show a simple linear variation. According to the static and dynamic experiments, it was found that a responsive sequence of catalase activity, membrane permeability, MDA content and photosynthetic characteristics to the above-mentioned stresses was as follows： AR ＋ UV-B 〉 UV-B 〉 AR.     

喷射火焰对容器的热辐射计算

液化气体容器在火灾环境下由于内部压力升高和容器本身强度的下降，爆炸的危险性极大。研究容器在喷射火焰作用的响应规律是预防事故发生的关键。本文研究了由于气体泄漏引起的喷射火焰在有风条件下的火焰形状和温度变化规律，以及对于水平圆柱形容器的热辐射影响，并用编制计算程序进行了数值计算。计算结果表明，容器表面的热辐射随风速、容器表面的位置等因素而变化。风速越大，容器表面的热辐射会减少；轴向距离越大，热辐射减少，周向角度增加，热辐射减少。     

电磁辐射污染对人体作用机理的初探

本文介绍了电磁辐射的基本概念、污染源并对污染机理做了进一步探讨.     

气溶胶污染对地面太阳紫外辐射的影响

一、前言太阳光通过大气层时经过了各种影响因素的衰减后到达地面,其中臭氧分子吸收,气溶胶粒子吸收和散射的影响作用最为主要.当臭氧浓度或气溶胶粒子浓度改变时,到达地面的太阳紫外辐射量将改变.据观测,近二十年来,全球范围内臭氧总量已普遍减少了1％—3％.臭氧浓度的降低增加了地面紫外线B辐射(UV-B,280—320nm),从而将给地球生物带来一定的危害作用.尽管臭氧浓度减少对地面UV-B辐射增加的作用很大,但是大气中颗粒物含量的增     

面声源的非轴向辐射的近场研究

本文提出了一种对大面积有壁障面声源非轴向辐射时近场研究的计算方法。在对声场的理论计算中分别考虑了面声源中各点间的干涉和由壁障引起的衍射。并详细介绍了为验证理论计算而进行的缩尺模型实验以及对所得结果的讨论和比较，本研究所得的面声源非轴向辐射时的近场规律对实际处理大面积噪声源辐射时阴影范围的确定有着很好的指导意义。