治理噪声污染 保障人身健康

阐述氧气生产过程中噪声的产生及对人体的危害性，实施多种噪声防治措施，取得显著成效。     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

紫露草微核技术对工业废水监测的应用

利用紫露草微核技术，以自来水为对照，不同浓度的氯化汞、三氧化二砷溶液及十几个工厂废水进行微核效应比较试验，筛选出破坏遗传物质的工业废水及其相应的污染水平。观察紫露草微核率变化及细胞的分裂情况，证明紫露草微核技术是监测工业废水的良好方法。     

Specific Contributions of Politics,Economics, and Toxicology in Setting Socially Consensual Limit Values

/ Limit values are legal limits for the concentrations of substances in the environment. They must be agreed upon in a consensual procedure between science, economics/technology, and political forces. This is a crucial political precondition for their social acceptance. The arguments put forward to justify their expediency and numerical level are based not only on risk-benefit considerations but also on the aspect of the technical avoidability of direct and indirect exposure. The critical assessment of the direct benefit of specified exposures falls within the responsibility of economics/technology, whereas criteria for their potential adverse effects (direct and indirect) are provided by medicine/biochemistry and/or ecology. Within this concept, the avoidance of nonbeneficial-even if not openly adverse-exposure is the essential aim of environmental hygiene and should be promoted by politics/science. In general, society or segments thereof reject adverse, accept beneficial, and tolerate unavoidable exposure. Conflicts of interest arise when different groups of society simultaneously define a given exposure as being adverse, beneficial, and unavoidable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of society as a whole, an optimal exposure lies as far as reasonably achievable at a level lower than known or plausible adverse effect thresholds (as defined by toxicology or ecology). This optimal level of exposure must be determined using a transparent and, hence, public procedure.KEY WORDS: Legal limit values; Benefit threshold; Social acceptance; Social tolerability; Adverse effect threshold; Avoidable exposure; Tolerance threshold; Environmental hygiene     

大庆地区水体环境的水生生物调查结果与评价

结合区域工业污染源的构成特点，对分布在油田的13个湖库进行了浮游生物和底栖动物的调查，从生物学角度，科学地评价了各类水体的污染程度，为保护和合理开发利用地表水资源，污染源的优化管理，实现污染物的总量控制提供了科学依据。     

80m烟囟排放放射性气溶胶连续自动监测

本文介绍采用德国进口的ＬＢ９１００Ｄ监测系统对８０ｍ烟囟排放的α放射性气溶胶浓度进行连续、自动监测。并与国产ＦＪ－３６７，ＦＨ－４６３Ａ装置进行了对比则量，两套装置的测量结果符合得较好。     

煤层气勘探开发和利用的环境影响分析

煤层气是煤层中自生自储的一种非常规天然气，其成分主要是甲烷。与煤和石油比较，煤层气是一种清洁能源，因此加快煤层气的开发和利用，能改善能源结构，缓和能源紧张状况，减少环境污染。根据煤层气的特点，详细分析了其对于大气环境、水环境以及土壤、植物的影响因素后指出：开发利用煤层气对大气环境的影响利大于弊，而对水体、土壤、农作物等则产生一系列不利影响。     

仪化热电厂提高循环水浓缩倍率的措施

针对仪化热电厂将循环水用作冲灰水，导致浓缩倍率只有1.6，以及凝汽器铜管腐蚀结垢严重等问题，提出了隔断循环水与冲灰水的直接联系，实现闲路循环，对凝汽器铜管进行酸洗，并对循环水实施加缓蚀阻垢荆、杀菌剂和旁流过滤等办法，全部实施后产生了很好的效益，值得借鉴。     

石油污染生物修复技术研究

本文概述了影响石油污染物生物降解修复处理的多种因素，对石油污染生物处理技术的发展进行了展望。其中主要影响因素包括：菌种的影响，菌种在不同的环境中和对不同碳链长度的碳氢化合物表现出不同的降解效率；石油物质本身物理化学特性的影响，如石油物质在水体或土壤中的浓度以及石油的粘度、沸点、折射率等特性；生存环境条件的影响，在接种入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物进行降解时，降解率受到生存环境中各种条件的影响，如表面活性剂、光照条件、吸附剂的利用、营养盐、共代谢底物、氧气、温度、盐度等。     

大气污染物最大落地浓度计算方法的比较

大气环境影响评价工作中，采用有风点源扩散模式定量预测大气污染物的最大落地浓度，通常有轴线法、常数法和非常数法这三种计算方法。本文通过实例对上述三种计算方法进行比较分析，明确了各自的适用范围，其中以轴线法的应用最为全面。