Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal of different metamorphic degrees based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system

Research on the micro- and macrocharacteristics of different metamorphic degrees of coal helps improve the control and protection techniques used during spontaneous combustion. Nine coals with different properties were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a self-designed temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system were adopted to analyze the molecular structure and macrocharacteristic parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the influence of particle size on spontaneous combustion was considered. Various functional groups were employed as microcharacteristic parameters to capture the principal active groups in oxidation. The gas production rate, oxygen consumption rate, gas concentration, heat energy release rate, and characteristic temperatures were evaluated as macrocharacteristic parameters to investigate the changes in coal during oxidation. The results establish that the microcharacteristics of coal molecules determine the degree of spontaneous combustion based on intrinsic properties and that changes in the macrocharacteristics of the spontaneous combustion of coal reflect the microstructural changes. The contents of the hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, alkyl ether and aryl ether in the coal molecules gradually decrease with the metamorphic increase. Oxygen-containing functional groups have higher reactivities and easily react with oxygen, causing the macroparameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate, the gas generation rate and the heat energy release rate, to consistently decrease with the increase of the metamorphic degree. Small-particle-size coal molecules have more active aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger specific surface area, increasing the chances of adsorbing the oxygen of active groups and promoting the reaction between coal and oxygen. The experimental results indicate that coal samples with higher metamorphic degrees or larger sizes exhibit lower tendencies toward spontaneous combustion. Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion of coal based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system is of great practical importance for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal during storage, processing and utilization and can serve as a convenient reference for production safety in mining applications.     

Effects of EGR,swirl augmentation techniques on combustion of biodiesel/ethanol and their blends in a diesel engine

The diminishing resources and continuously increasing cost of petroleum in association with their alarming pollution levels from diesel engines have caused an interest in finding alternative fuels to diesel which are renewable and sustainable. Emission control and engine efficiency are two most important parameters in current engine design. The impending introduction of emission standards such as Euro IV and Euro V is forcing the research towards developing new technologies for combating engine emissions. The classification of Euro IV and V norms is applicable to heavy-duty engines in Europe, where as Euro 5 is applicable to light-duty engines. This paper presents the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and its blends with ethanol in a diesel engine. From the experimental work conducted, it is found that the combustion of HOME plus up to 15% ethanol blend in a diesel engine operated with optimised parameters of injection timing 23° Before Top Dead Centre and compression ratio 17.5 results in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The addition of ethanol increased BTE with reduced hydrocarbons (HCs), CO and smoke emissions. However, NO _x emissions increased dramatically. Use of appropriate EGR reduces NO _x to acceptable levels. The implementation of swirl augmentation techniques further resulted in increased BTE and considerable reduction in tail pipe emissions such as smoke, HCs, CO and NO _x . The effect of swirl by providing grooves on the piston was taken into consideration to find the overall biodiesel engine performance, which gives scope for further studies.     

电极配置和操作条件对静电油烟净化效率的影响

以有机气溶胶发生器产生的0.02～2.02μm癸二酸二辛酯颗粒模拟餐饮业排出的油烟PM2 5组分,利用静电低压撞击器颗粒物检测仪测定各粒径范围的颗粒个数和质量浓度,并系统研究了电极配置、电场风速和供电电压等因素对静电油烟净化效率的影响.结果表明:油烟荷电量以及荷电颗粒迁移距离是影响净化效率的关键因素,优化电极配置的增效...     

制粒及工艺优化对工程化阴燃治理含油污泥的影响

针对含油污泥含水率高、含油率高、渗透性差导致应用工程化阴燃处置技术的适应性差、处置能力低等问题,采用制粒手段强化含油污泥的预处理过程,并对其阴燃点燃及推进方式加以调整,旨在筛选出较优的预处理和阴燃工艺参数。通过小试实验探索了含水率对油泥制粒的影响,以及含水率、制粒状态、辅助燃料、阴燃启动方式和推进方向对阴燃的影响。结果表明,某含油废水治理产生的含油污泥可采用对辊挤出制粒的方式进行预处理,含水率宜控制在33%~35%;油泥经脱水或制粒均可增强阴燃稳健性;含水率较高时添加质量分数5%的稻壳,点燃耗时可缩短约40%,阴燃蔓延速度提升约70%;采用木炭间接启动阴燃也可显著缩短点燃耗时。本研究结果可为工程化阴燃治理油泥的工艺和设备设计提供参考。     

饮食业复合油烟吸收剂的研制开发

分析了饮食油烟的成分 ,结合饮食油烟气的治理方法 ,采用正交设计法进行新型复合油烟吸收剂的实验 ,快速、有效、准确地优化确定了油烟吸收剂的配方和工艺 ,并设计了该吸收剂的油污相溶性、环境毒性、生物降解性实验 ,科学地论证了该产品的性能。结果表明 ,本实验研制的油烟吸收剂能够全面包络、粘合、皂化、附着和分离油烟废气中的油类物质 ,对饮食油烟具有快速、高效、彻底的治理效果 ,而且无毒、易降解。     

有机固体废弃物热解生产脱水内醚糖的研究

以有机固体废弃物 (废棉絮、废纸 )为原料 ,在管式炉热解反应器热解生产脱水内醚糖。研究了热解温度对热解产物相态分布的影响。同时 ,利用HPLC对脱水内醚糖的产量进行了测定。HPLC分析结果表明 :热解液水相中主要化学物质是乙酸 ,而非水相中主要化学物质是脱水内醚糖     

典型废矿物油的产生工艺及其重金属含量特征研究

分析了6种典型废矿物油的产生工艺及特性,研究了废矿物油样品的重金属浓度特征。结果表明,不同产生工艺和工作环境,油品的损耗程度和产污情况存在明显差异。典型废矿物油样品中检出的主要重金属包括Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Mo和Ba等7种。其中,Zn浓度相对较高,Cr、Cu、Mo和Ba的浓度次之,Ni和Pb的浓度相对较少。Zn、Mo、Ba主要来自于添加剂掺入,Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb主要来自使用过程中磨料混入或杂质进入。6种废矿物油直接进入环境中的重金属当量浓度表现为废车用润滑油>废液压油>废淬火油>废冷冻机油>废防锈油>废白油。其中,废车用润滑油和废液压油的重金属潜在危害最高。废矿物油再生利用过程中,重金属绝大部分进入废渣中(如油渣、蒸馏残渣、废白土等),少部分残留在再生产品中;焚烧处置过程中,重金属的去向为烟气和底灰。因此,需要针对废矿物油的处置与资源化利用过程进行严格管理,防止其中重金属的二次污染。     

一起油罐爆炸火灾原因调查及分析

对一起油罐爆炸火灾事故进行了调查，对回流油速度进行了测算，从静电的产生和放电、爆炸性气体混合物的形成进行了分析和研究，指出了火灾原因，提出了应吸取的教训。     

油茶果壳炭对低浓度油烟的吸附行为

利用油茶果壳直接炭化法制备油茶果壳炭,其BET比表面积和孔容积测定结果分别为1 244 m2·g-1和1.02 cm3·g-1,SEM的分析表明,油茶果壳炭含有不同孔径的孔隙和裂缝,有利于油烟这种含有复杂组分污染物分子的吸附作用;等温吸附实验结果表明,低温低油烟浓度有利于油茶果壳炭对油烟的吸附作用,吸附量可达378.79 mg·g-1,其吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,热力学参数ΔG0、ΔH0、ΔS0均为负值,表明油茶果壳炭对油烟的吸附是一个自发的放热的物理过程。