广东南山花岗岩形成时代、地球化学特征与成因

广东南山花岗岩体位于陂头复式岩体西端,锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为158.1±1.8Ma,是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物.岩石化学特征显示岩体以高硅、富碱、贫Ca和Mg以及高TFeO/MgO、低CaO/Na2O为特征.其K2O/Na2O>1,A/NK=7.8～11.92,A/CNK=1.33～1.68,属过铝质碱性岩石.在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富含稀土元素(除明显的负Eu异常,δEu=0.09～0.16)以及Zr、Y、Th、U、Nb等高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti等,高10000x Ga/AI(比值大于2.6).在Zr、Nb、Ce、Y对10000×Ga/Al以及TFeO/MgO-SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同.这些特征均指示,南山岩体具有铝质A型花岗岩的特点.通过Y-Nb-3Ga和Y-Nb-Ce构造环境判别图解将其进一步划分为A2型花岗岩,代表其形成于拉张的构造背景之下.本文在此研究基础上,认为南山花岗质岩浆可能形成于相对挤压的中侏罗世.而在晚侏罗世早期相对拉张的作用下,岩石圈减薄,软流圈地幔上涌,地壳的泥质岩和少量砂质岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融后上侵形成铝质A型花岗岩,且有较强的结晶分异作用.     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩K-Ar定年及其地质意义

对马里亚纳海槽弧后扩张脊上所采集的玄武岩样品进行了系统的K -Ar定年 ,同时结合研究玄武岩的微量元素以及稀土元素特征后指出 ,马里亚纳海槽的张开及与之伴随发生的玄武岩浆活动自晚中新世以来一直都在进行 ,其主活动期为 2～ 4Ma。海槽玄武岩年龄在空间上具有从南到北逐渐变新的演化规律。据此 ,推断该海槽的扩张演化可能受控于该区内热区的迁移及运动规律     

甘肃白银金属硫化物矿床及其矿区主要地质事件的同位素地质年代学研究

本文针对甘肃白银金属硫化物矿床长期争论的成矿时代问题，运用成因矿物学的方法，在对各采样点内锆石的标型特征、变生状态进行详细分类研究的基础上，采用锆石U－Pb同位素定年手段，测得成矿时代为464～440Ma，属加里东成矿期。同时结合矿区外围地层和岩体的同位素年代学研究，讨论了白银地区岩浆活动及主要地质事件的演化过程。     

Re-Os同位素体系在金属矿床研究中的应用

Re－Os法能够对金属硫化物矿物直接进行同位素定年，并可以根据矿物的Os同位素初始比值探讨成矿物质来源。它的研究对象还包括黑色页岩和洋底含金属沉积物等。普通Os法可以用于铂族元素矿物定年和成矿物源区的讨论。近年由常规Re－Os法衍生的Os－Os法有可能避免前者在定年技术方面的一些困难。Re-Os同位素体系为成矿年代学研究提供了广阔的前景。     

Can gestational dates routinely derived from very early ultrasound be used to interpret maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements?

This study assesses the reliability of estimating gestational age via crown-rump or gestational sac measurements obtained at 8 weeks' gestation or earlier as part of routine physician office practice. To accomplish this, we studied 88 pregnancies managed at 45 different sites in which both an early first-trimester ultrasonically-derived gestational age estimate and a second-trimester biparietal diameter (BPD) estimate were available. The first-and second-trimester determinations were highly correlated, but the first-trimester determinations were, on average, 0.43 weeks earlier than the second. The first-trimester estimates were satisfactory for use in interpreting maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening measurements, but second-trimester BPD measurements obtained prior to MSAFP screening should be the method of choice for interpreting MSAFP values, due to the increased sensitivity for detecting open spina bifida.     

Dating sediments on several lakes inferred from radionuclide profiles

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湖南大义山花岗岩南体黑云母40Ar-39Ar定年及地质意义

大义山岩体是一个多时代形成的复式岩体,习惯有大义山南体和北体之分.岩体内外接触带产有较多的W、Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn等多金属矿产.长期以来对南体主体形成的时代归属存在较大的差异,一部分人认为是印支期的产物,另一部人认为是燕山期的产物,这种结果对该区成矿作用的研究和指导找矿都带来很大的不利.本次研究通过对岩体的解体以及精确的黑云母氩氩法定年,确切地将大义山南体归属于两个不同的时代,即南体的北部为中侏罗世,南部为晚三叠世.这一成果对该岩体和成矿作用的研究都具有重要的现实意义.     

Historical pollution trends in coastal environments of India

Seventeen sediment cores were collected from different coastalecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India that include coastal lagoon (Pulicat), polluted rivers in Chennai (Adyar and Cooum), Coral reef (Gulf of Mannar) and a perennial river (Tamiraparani).Radiometric dating has been used to determine the modern sedimentation rates in these ecosystems. The Pulicat Lake and thepolluted rivers (Adyar and Cooum) yield an average sediment accumulation rate of 12.34 and 7.85 mm yr^-1, respectively. Inthe Gulf of Mannar coral reef, the sedimentation rate averages 17.37 mm yr^-1, while the rate in Tamiraparani River is 11.00 mm yr^-1. In the Tamiraparani River basin, the deposition rates were an order of magnitude higher when compared to the erosion rates, which may be due to bank erosion and the intense human activity. In general high rates of sedimentation observed in the coastal ecosystems not only reflect the capacity of the coastal regions as sinks for trace metals but also denoteincreased input of pollutants into the coastal environments in the recent past. The deposition rates of heavy metals – Fe, Mn,Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni in the depth profiles have been computed using sedimentation rates and their distribution is discussed. It can be seen that the mean deposition rates of all the measured elements in the Tamil Nadu coastal ecosystems are high compared with rates determined for the sediments of the deltaic regions ofIndia and the Bay of Bengal.     

Assessment of indoor radiation level in the environs of the uranium deposit area of West Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya, India

An estimation of the indoor background radiation dose distribution was carried out in dwellings of eleven villages located within and around the uranium mineralization area of Kylleng-Pyndensohiong, Mawthabah in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India. The ambient indoor gamma radiation level was monitored using Thermo Luminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) while the indoor radon and thoron concentration was measured using twin-cup dosimeters employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). Results obtained from the study reveals that the local inhabitants of villages located close to the mining site receive higher doses than those inhabitants of villages located at a much farther distance from the mining site. The average total annual effective dose was found to be varying from 1.2 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Langpa to 3.4 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Nongbah Jynrin. The data obtained will serve as a reference in documenting changes to environmental radioactivity if mining is to be carried out in the future.     

他念他翁山中段仁措湖地区花岗岩风化晕生长侵蚀模型研究及原地生成宇宙成因核素测年思考

通过建立他念他翁山流域仁措湖地区的花岗岩风化晕生长模型与侵蚀模型,并利用此模型定量了仁措湖地区花岗岩暴露年代。研究结果显示：该地区花岗岩风化晕平均生长速率为4.88 mm? (10 ka) ^?1;平均侵蚀速率为2.15 mm?ka^?1。通过此模型对仁措湖地区的年代进行计算,得出该地区花岗岩风化时间约为(236±88)— (19834±1560) a。结合原地生成宇宙成因核素（terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclide,TCN）测年原理,推算出青藏高原花岗岩冰川沉积物至少侵蚀速率分别为：青藏高原东北部为(2.61±0.05) mm?ka^?1、青藏高原东南部为(3.43±0.70) mm?ka^?1、青藏高原中部为(3.42±0.34) mm?ka^?1、喜马拉雅中部为(3.71±0.72) mm?ka^?1、高原西部为(3.14±0.52) mm?ka^?1、喜马拉雅山脉西部为(3.36±0.67) mm?ka^?1、帕米尔高原东部为(3.45±0.59) mm?ka^?1、帕米尔高原西部为(3.11±0.41) mm?ka^?1、天山为(3.63±0.53) mm?ka^?1,恢复后整个青藏高原的TCN测年精度提高了10%左右。