排序方式: 共有66条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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以珠江三角洲滨海小流域地下水为研究对象,采用费氏弧菌(Vibrio ficheri)和化学指标主成分分析法综合评价不同人类活动背景下的地下水(8个饮用水井和6个观测井)以及海水水质.结果表明:15个水样中的阳离子以K+和Na+为主,占阳离子总量的平均百分比为71.55%±14.67%.阴离子的浓度差异较大,饮用水井(T1~T8)的阴离子以HCO3-为主,观测井(D1~D6)的阴离子以Cl-为主,平均百分比分别为53.84%±18.21%和66.37%±22.16%.除T3、T4和D3无毒外,其余水样对发光菌具有一定的抑制效应,其中D2和D4对发光菌的抑制率大于30%,为中毒性,海水水样则对发光菌产生了“刺激发光”效应,30min的发光抑制率为-12.45%;通过水样化学指标的主成分分析,计算井水的综合得分,排泄区D2~D4 (8~15m潜水含水层)得分较高,D5 (承压含水层)、D6 (基岩裂隙含水层)以及D1(5m潜水含水层)得分较低,唐家镇除T1地下水埋深最深(17.92m),得分最高,其余地下水(T2~T8)位于地表以下10m内的含水层,得分较低;发光抑制率与第一主成分具有良好的负相关性(P<0.05),经拟合方程预测的毒性结果准确率为75%,“假阴性”水样个数为0. 相似文献
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极低频电磁场及与铅联合作用对发光细菌Vibrio qinghaiensis发光的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
观察了50Hz,0.1~9.6mT,10~30min的电磁场暴露及其与铅的联合作用对淡水发光细菌青海弧菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis)发光的影响.结果表明,电磁场暴露能增强发光细菌的发光,在6.4mT附近,增强作用最为强烈,在0.2~0.4mT附近,增强作用显得最为微弱,提示ELFEMFs对发光细菌的效应具有剂量“窗口”特性;Pb(0.2~1.6mgL^-1)能抑制发光细菌发光,并随着Pb剂量的增大,抑制效应愈明显,呈明显的线性负相关;电磁场与Pb合并作用,Pb并没有改变电磁场对发光细菌效应的包括剂量窗口在内的特性,但3.2~9.6mT的电磁场暴露提高了发光细菌对Pb剂量变化的敏感性.图3表3参9 相似文献
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EC50 values of different nitroparaffins were determined by a photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test. Octanol/water partition coefficients were determined by a reversed phase HPLC method. From these experimental data quantitative structure activity relationships were deduced which point to a dependence of toxicity on a “form factor” that includes the number of methyl and methylene groups in a molecule. The hypothesis will be formulated that the specific effects depend on the number of methylgroups and an equation for specific effects is given. 相似文献
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Mercury and its organic compounds have been of severe concern worldwide due to their damage to the ecosystem and human health. The development of effective and affordable technology to monitor and signal the presence of bioavailable mercury is an urgent need. The Mer gene is a mercury-responsive resistant gene, and a mercury-sensing recombinant luminescent bacterium using the Mer gene was constructed in this study. The mer operon from marine Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was amplified and fused with prompterless luxCDABE in the pUCD615 plasmid within Escherichia coli cells, resulting in pTHE30–E. coli. The recombinant strain showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of Hg2 + was 5 nmol/L, and distinct luminescence could be detected in 30 min. Cd2 +, Cu2 +, Zn2 +, Ca2 +, Pb2 +, Mg2 +, Mn2 +, and Al3 + did not interfere with the detection over a range of 10− 5–1 mM. Application of recombinant luminescent bacteria testing in environmental samples has been a controversial issue: especially for metal-sensing recombinant strains, false negatives caused by high cytotoxicity are one of the most important issues when applying recombinant luminescent bacteria in biomonitoring of heavy metals. In this study, by establishing an internal standard approach, the false negative problem was overcome; furthermore, the method can also help to estimate the suspected mercury concentration, which ensures high detection sensitivity of bioavailable Hg2 +. 相似文献
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重金属对活性污泥微生物毒性的比较研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用发光细菌毒性、活性污泥脱氢酶毒性、硝化抑制毒性3种方法测定Hg、Cd、Zn、Pb 4种重金属对活性污泥微生物的毒性,并对测定结果进行了比较.结果表明,发光细菌毒性测定方法的灵敏度最高,测得的重金属半数有效浓度(ECSO)最低,4种重金属对发光细菌发光强度的抑制程度由大到小顺序依次为Hg>Cd>Zn>Pb;活性污泥脱氢酶毒性和硝化抑制毒性的测定结果与发光细菌毒性测定结果相比,灵敏度相对较低,测得的重金属ECSO相对较高,测得的活性污泥脱氢酶活性的抑制程度由大到小顺序依次为Cd>Hg>Zn>Pb,与测得的活性污泥硝化速率抑制程度大小顺序一致.但2者测得的EC50有所差别.为了更准确的判定重金属对活性污泥微生物的毒性影响.至少应取不同的重金属毒性终点指示指标做一组毒性实验,而不能以发光细菌毒性测定结果作为唯一的判定依据,这可能会过分夸大重金属对污水处理工艺的冲击能力,导致污水处理成本无谓增加. 相似文献
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分别利用小麦、发光菌毒性测试技术研究了模拟丙烯腈废水以及几种处理工艺出水对小麦芽伸长、根伸长、发芽率和发光菌发光度的毒性效应差异。结果表明,丙烯腈对小麦芽伸长的毒性影响最大;各类物质对小麦根伸长和发芽率并未造成毒性影响;其他物质对发光菌发光度的毒性最大。模拟废水对小麦芽伸长、根伸长、发芽率和发光菌发光度的毒性效应分别为:部分相加、部分相加、协同和拮抗作用。几种处理工艺出水对上述指标的毒性影响顺序依次是:模拟废水加成出水活性炭吸附出水Fenton法出水;Fenton法出水模拟废水加成出水活性炭吸附出水;Fenton法出水活性炭吸附出水模拟废水加成出水;活性炭吸附出水加成出水Fenton法出水模拟废水。比较几种处理工艺出水的毒性发现,几乎每种废水的毒性都有所降低,这说明几种处理工艺能有效降低模拟废水的毒性,具有深刻的实际指导意义。 相似文献
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