不同营养水平下悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥性质的影响

循环水系统中的微生物有悬浮态和附着态,悬浮细菌的存在对附着态生物粘泥的生长及特性有明显影响。通过向模拟循环冷却水系统中投加不同数量初始悬浮细菌,考察在营养水平不同的情况下,悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥化学组成和脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,营养水平不同,初始悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥的化学组成和脱氢酶活性的影响程度不同;在不同营养水平下,应分别控制初始悬浮细菌数量。贫营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在6×105个/mL左右;中营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在1×105～2.6×105个/mL之间;富营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在0.11×105～2.6×105个/mL之间最不利于生物粘泥的生长。     

城镇绿地对空气质量的影响--以中山市小榄镇为例

对中山市小榄镇公园、街道、居住区等不同地区的空气质量进行了测定．结果表明：公园、苗圃、金菊花园、镇府大院和小榄中学等绿化好、总绿量大的地带，CO2浓度[Ψ(CO2)／10^-6]和含菌量(n／m^-3)明显较低，负离子浓度明显较高；街道、新永路民居、商场、工厂、车站和果菜批发市场等绿化差、总绿量小的地带，Ψ(CO2)／10^-6和含菌量明显偏高，负离子浓度明显偏低．街道上空的Ψ(CO2)与车流量之间有极显著相关关系Ψ(CO2)与人流量之间相关关系不显著．     

五氯酚(PCP)高效降解菌Psendomonas sp.CS5的研究

从曾受五氯酚(pentachlorophenol,简称PCP,下同)污染废水的活性污泥中,经驯化富集和分离筛选获得一株PCP降解菌,菌号为CS-W-98-5.在24h内该菌降解w(PCP)=400×10     

三氯异氰尿酸在窖水中的余氯衰减规律及消毒效果

为保持集雨窖水水质,提高饮用水安全性,采用向窖水中投加三氯异氰尿酸(trichloroisocyanuric acid,TCCA)的消毒方法,检测主体水的余氯衰减规律和微生物的变化情况,重点研究了消毒剂投加量、温度及pH等因素的影响。实验结果表明：余氯衰减过程符合一级动力学模型;随初始氯投加量的增大,水中余氯衰减量增大,余氯衰减系数减小且与初始投加量的倒数成线性正相关;随水中有机物等反应物浓度的降低,余氯衰减量减少,余氯衰减系数减小;随温度的升高,余氯衰减量增大,衰减系数增大;随pH的增大,余氯衰减量减少,衰减系数减小;水中菌落总数的灭活率随消毒剂投加量的增加而增大。当消毒剂浓度为1.5~2.5 mg·L⁻¹时,在60 min内可完成对菌落总数99.0%的灭活;当消毒剂浓度大于2.5 mg·L⁻¹时,在30 min内可完成对菌落总数99.9%的灭活。在pH为6~9时,pH越小,消毒效果越好;在10～30 ℃时,温度越高,消毒效果越好;水中氨氮存在时,氯胺的生成会减弱短期消毒效果。与传统氯制消毒剂相比,TCCA在窖水消毒方面有较好的应用前景。     

发光细菌法测定钻井液综合生物毒性

针对发光杆菌的发光度随着污染物浓度增高而呈线性降低的相关性,采用发光杆菌的相对发光度来表示污染物毒性,试验探讨了该方法的可行性,并采用发光细菌相对发光度为５０％时毒物浓度（即半数有效浓度ＥＣ５０）来表示钻井液的综合生物毒性。实验结果表明：ＨｇＣｌ２的半数有效浓度为０．１２６ｍｇ／Ｌ,此时的钻井液泥水比为１∶１０４。     

农村小管径重力流灰水管道中生物膜细菌群落的特征

为探究农村小管径重力流灰水管道系统生物膜的细菌群落结构特征,建立了一套模拟真实农村环境条件下水量变化且具有3组坡度参数(5‰,10‰,15‰)的小管径灰水管道实验设备,利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术,分析了连续运行60 d后的管道生物膜的细菌群落特征。结果表明：Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes为优势菌门,优势菌属为Paenarthrobacte、Ensifer和Spingopyxis,坡度变化会显著影响生物膜细菌群落组成;小管径重力流灰水管道生物膜中存在一定丰度的反硝化细菌和硝化细菌,具有生物脱氮功能。通过PICRUSt功能预测发现,高坡度(15‰)的灰水管道具有更高的硝化和反硝化基因丰度。进一步分析可知,小管径灰水管道采用高敷设坡度的设计方案可能具有更强的生物脱氮能力。     

Tank-dependence of the functionality and network differentiation of activated sludge community in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic municipal sewage treatment plant

● Environmental parameters affected functional bacteria and network associations. ● The structure and interactions of AS networks changed greatly within tanks. ● Anoxic co-occurrence network was more unstable and easily influenced. ● Composition of functional bacteria had a seasonal succession pattern. ● Tetrasphaera was the major PAO in spring and winter leading a better P removal. Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of both engineering and ecological significance. Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks, and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks (anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic) and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation. High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks, likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks. However, network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships, OTU topological roles, and keystone populations in the different AS communities. Moreover, the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance. Tank-associated environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrients, were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera (i.e., AOB, NOB, PAOs, and denitrifiers), suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria. Therefore, this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology, particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.     

Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌(Q67菌株)联合毒性作用的研究

采用等毒性混合法（equitoxicmixture）探讨了Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌（Q67菌珠）的联合毒性作用。当两种金属作用时,Zn和Cd为拮抗作用,Cu和Zn为加和作用,Cu和Cd、Cu和Hg、Zn和Hg、Cd和Hg均为协同作用。而当3种或4种金属同时作用时,联合毒性作用均趋向于加和作用,其机理还有待于进一步研究。