火山断陷盆地的边缘成矿论

火山断陷盆地是构造-岩浆-地热体系的最活跃场所。大中型热液矿床往往赋存于盆地边缘。高渗透构造破碎带、基底和火山盖层建造的相应组合、多阶段次火山岩的侵入、配套的水文地质环境构成了盆边热源、矿源、水源、矿质沉淀空间的最佳匹配条件。因此．盆地边缘作为矿床预测和靶区优选的显著目标值得找矿者的高度重视。     

Three-dimensional diffusion of non-sorbing species in porous sandstone: computer simulation based on X-ray microtomography using synchrotron radiation

The diffusion pathways of porous sandstone were examined by a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technique based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) using the SPring-8 (Super Photon ring-8 GeV, Hyogo, Japan) synchrotron radiation facility. The analysis was undertaken to develop better understanding of the diffusion pathways in natural rock as a key factor in clarifying the detailed mechanism of the diffusion of radionuclides and water molecules through the pore spaces of natural barriers in underground nuclear waste disposal facilities. A cylindrical sample (diameter 4 mm, length 6 mm) of sandstone (porosity 0.14) was imaged to obtain a 3-D image set of 450(3) voxels=2.62(3) mm(3). Through cluster-labeling analysis of the 3-D image set, it was revealed that 89% of the pore space forms a single large pore-cluster responsible for macroscopic diffusive transport, while only 11% of the pore space is made up of isolated pores that are not involved in long-range diffusive transport. Computer simulations of the 3-D diffusion of non-sorbing random walkers in the largest pore cluster were performed to calculate the surface-to-volume ratio of the pore, tortuosity (diffusion coefficient in free space divided by that in porous rock). The results showed that (i) the simulated surface-to-volume ratio is about 60% of the results obtained by conventional pulsed-field-gradient proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) laboratory experiments and (ii) the simulated tortuosity is five to seven times larger than the results of laboratory diffusion experiments using non-sorbing I(-) and Br(-). These discrepancies are probably attributed to the intrinsic sample heterogeneity and limited spatial resolution of the CT system. The permeability was also estimated based on the NMR diffusometry theory using the results of the random walk simulations via the Kozeny-Carman equation. The estimated permeability involved an error of about 20% compared with the permeability measured by the conventional method, suggesting that the diffusometry-based NMR well logging with gradient coils is applicable to the in-situ permeability measurement of strata. The present study demonstrated that X-ray CT using synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool for obtaining 3-D pore structure images without the beam-hardening artifacts inevitable in conventional CT using X-ray tubes.     

Holly (Ilex Aquifolium L.) As Zinc and Cadmium Accumulative Indicator in Biogeochemical Prospecting

The results of previous investigations in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany (Italy) appeared to point out the special aptitude of holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) in concentrating cadmium and zinc. in the present paper this behaviour has been verified in a mineralized area of Lombardy (Northern Italy).

Samples of leaves, twigs and barks from holly trees were collected, and metal contents (Zn, Cd, and Pb) have been determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). for comparison, some samples of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa L.) and soil were also analyzed.

The data obtained confirm a preferential cadmium and zinc accumulation by holly (up to 16 and 1400 μg g^-1 dry weight, respectively) also depending on different vegetal organs and vegetative stages of plants. Highest contents of lead have been recovered in the outer portion of bark.     

浅层物探在监测城市地质灾害中的应用

我国约有160多个城市发生不同程度的地质灾害,迫切需要查明其成因,估计其发展趋势,并提出减小灾害的方法。本文以铜陵市长江路大面积出现的地裂缝及塌陷为例,对比使用了电法、磁法、地质钻探、人工地震等方法。认为人工地震方法在喀斯特地区可以用来确定此类地质灾害的范围、趋势和找出其成因。     

陕西旬阳小河口——两河关段瓦缸寨滑坡地质概况及其稳定性分析

为确保西安—安康二级公路路基质量,运用地质和地球物理(地震)两种勘探方法对滑坡区作地表和深部作地质勘探,查清滑坡对路基的影响程度。通过对该区的地质情况、滑坡体的成因及其稳定性等方面的分析和综合研究后认为:勘查区内新、老构造运动特征显著,是诱发滑坡的重要因素;滑脱面主要取决于断层面或层间千枚岩层等构造软弱带;区内该类滑坡体(或可疑滑坡体)是比较稳定的,相比之下,WT1和WT3勘探线南端滑坡体处较为稳定。     

江西省铜地球化学异常特征及找矿方向

在系统论述江西省铜的区域地球化学背景与异常特征的基础上,对江西省铜的成矿地质条件进行了初步分析,总结了铜的找矿标志,明确了今后找铜矿的方向.     

地球物理方法在环境监测中的应用现状

环境地球物理学是地球物理学与环境科学的交叉学科,是利用地球物理学的理论与方法对目前日益严重的环境问题进行探测、调查。本文简要概述环境地球物理学的发展状况以及其在环境监测中应用现状,并根据我国环境地球物理学发展缓慢这一现状提出了试探性的建议。     

赣南地区钨矿找矿史回顾及新一轮钨矿找矿思考

江西南部是驰名中外的黑钨矿富集区,不但黑钨矿储量之丰、品位之富、矿床之密集享誉世界,而且钨矿找矿理论与方法也为世界一流水平。本文首先简要回顾赣南钨矿勘查历史,概括第一轮钨矿找矿三大重要理论成果:一是标志带深部找矿;二是“数大脉”的就矿找矿;三是“探边摸底”发现岩体型钨矿;其次近年来在继承和发展上述理论成果基础上,取得的新增资源量与新发现矿产地,以及矿化新类型等重大进展。藉此,反映以往理论成果在新一轮钨矿找矿中的作用,证明赣南新一轮找钨矿的巨大潜力,并提出今后钨矿找矿方向和找矿方法,即三大主要思路:一是集中在“五大”钨矿找矿远景区,借助有利的找矿线索,运用“五层楼” “地下室”模式向老矿区外围、深部拓展找矿空间;二是不断开拓思路、扩大视野,通过“破碎蚀变岩型”等新类型钨矿找矿的突破,开辟新的找矿远景区或靶区;三是经过进一步探索,争取形成一套适用于该区钨矿找矿的快速评价方法,包括地球化学模型、模式类比等。     

降水产流同位素径流分割研究进展与展望

降水产流是陆地水循环中大气降水补给地表水的重要环节。氢氧稳定同位素的指纹效应能够有效示踪径流的补给来源、路径和地理区域。同位素径流分割模型已从二元分割逐渐发展到三元乃至多元分割模型,多学科交叉也逐渐丰富了径流分割研究的方法体系。本文对同位素径流分割在降水产流中的应用进展作了总结分析,介绍了环境同位素（²H和¹⁸O）在降水产流研究中的应用现状、存在的不确定性以及处理误差的方法和应用特点。最后对环境同位素在径流分割领域的应用前景进行了论述,提出环境同位素结合GIS、InSAR、ERT等地球物理方法,将进一步深化流域水文要素时空变化的研究。