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271.
三峡库区悬移质泥沙对磷污染物的吸附解吸特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
就三峡库区悬移质泥沙对磷污染物的吸附解吸特性从野外同步监测和室内试验研究两个方面展开研究。选取长江干流、嘉陵江和乌江共7个监测断面于2002年和2003进行野外同步监测,测试结果表明:水中的悬移质泥沙对水中各种覆存形态的磷污染物浓度具有显著影响,单位重量泥沙对磷的吸附量与水体总泥沙含量、泥沙粒径有密切关系。采集寸滩断面泥沙对磷酸盐吸附解吸特性进行室内试验研究,并根据Langmuir吸附动力学方程对吸附解吸过程进行了拟合,发现吸附速率常数k随着泥沙粒径的增加而呈递增变化,而磷酸盐初始浓度对k值的影响并不明显,同时,磷酸盐解吸量随着泥沙浓度的增加和粒径的增加呈递减变化,k值随着泥沙粒径的增加而呈递增变化,泥沙浓度对k值的影响不明显。 相似文献
272.
Chih Ming M Ya Wen Lee Gui Bing Hong Te Li Su Je Lueng Shie Chang Tang Chang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):687-692
TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2,
H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption
and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates
from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET
surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%,
and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%,
79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we
found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that
the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of
e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air. 相似文献
273.
Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum
minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and
phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates
in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth
of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates
only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day
12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited
phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL
(0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth
phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These
results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew
well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits. 相似文献
274.
Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous
silicates hybrid materials
Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water.
A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal
cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion
technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well
fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data
from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and
the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse
e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In
addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and
relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment. 相似文献
275.
Tao Zhang Qiucheng Li Lili Ding Hongqiang Ren Ke Xu Yonggang Wu Dong Sheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):881-890
Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium
nitrogen (NH4
+-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4
+-N
recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4
+-N recovery from coking wastewater
was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative
significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation
index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4
+ molar ratio
(Mg/N) and the initial NH4
+-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4
+ and CO3
2??/NH4
+
molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3
2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4
+-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the
thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3
2??/N),
(pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4
+-N
recovery. 相似文献
276.
文章介绍连续流动一氢化物发生一原子荧光测定水中硒的方法,研究了盐酸浓度、硼氢化钾浓度、灯电流、光电倍增管负高压、泵速、载气和屏蔽气流量等对测定硒的影响,找出测定水中硒最佳条件,在最佳条件下,校准曲线相关系数为0.9999.方法检出限为0.0095μg/L,方法的测量范围为0.038-300μg/L,回收率在91.8%-... 相似文献
277.
西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用小型回填式土柱淋溶实验方法研究了西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为。结果表明,西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich解吸等温式;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr在0.44~0.99之间,平均为0.75,解吸迟滞性指数TⅡ在0.05~0.65之间,平均为0.29,沙土对氨氮的解吸迟滞性较强,解吸可逆性较弱。被吸附的氨氮解吸淋失的环境风险较小;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr与土壤有机质含量、粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量呈极显著负相关,影响程度顺序为:有机质含量>粗粘粒含量>粘粒含量;解吸分配系数k和解吸迟滞性指数与土壤有机质含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,与粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量没有相关性;草地、农田和林地结构由于土壤有机质和团聚体含量较高,氨氮解吸迟滞性较强,氨氮流失的环境风险较小,沙荒地结构氨氮流失的环境风险较大。 相似文献
278.
279.
280.