基于AHP-熵权法的输气站场区块风险因素权重确定方法研究

为合理地体现主、客观风险因素对输气站场安全状况的影响,综合运用AHP和熵权法在确定权重方面的优势,在充分尊重专家经验的基础上,最大限度地削弱了权重确定的主观性.针对输气站场设施种类繁多、数量巨大,且分布既相对独立,又相互联系的特点,以工艺流程单元为大致框架,并兼顾设施共性风险因素,将输气站场划分为了清管器收发区、计量区、压气区、阀组区、安全仪表系统区等10大风险区块,并重点关注各区块内关键设备在运行期间的风险因素,最终建立起了10大区块62小项的输气站场两级风险评价指标体系.权重确定过程利用yaahp层次分析法软件和Excel辅助计算,大大降低了数据处理的工作量,同时保证了计算结果的准确性.     

LEC-M法在升船机施工安全评价中的应用

在升船机施工过程中,由于建筑物多为高坝垂直型,致使上下施工、内外施工和不同性质的施工同时进行,增加了作业条件的危险性,这给升船机施工中的安全管理带来很大困难.以升船机施工为出发点,分析升船机施工中的作业单元流程.按照事故分类的标准,将升船机施工的危险源按照高处坠落、物体打击、垮塌三类事故进行风险辨识.运用LEC-M法确定升船机施工各类危险源的安全风险等级评价,依据危险源评价所涉及到的具体条款,提出降低危险源风险的有效措施.该方法在三峡升船机筒体工程上得到具体应用,并取得良好效果.     

高含硫化氢井场公众疏散能力分析方法研究

我国含硫气田存在含硫量高、周边人口稠密、地形复杂等危险因素,如何保证含硫气田周边居民安全疏散成为一个重要的急需解决的问题.针对高含硫气田开发过程面临的公众疏散能力问题,采用毒性负荷判别法作为疏散能力评估的准则,提出一套分析流程,并给出相应的改进措施,形成一整套的复杂地形下高含硫化氢井场公众安全疏散能力分析方法;通过对本方法在现场实际中的应用,在理论和实例分析基础上,发现对高含硫气田井场进行疏散能力评估是可行且非常必要的.     

内标法与外标法测定废气中挥发性有机化合物

目前采用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定废气中挥发性有机化合物时多使用外标法。实验对比了内标法与外标法测定时存在的差异,发现大多数VOCs内标法的回收率均高于外标法,且内标法的相对标准偏差普遍小于外标法,内标法测定的准确度和精密度均优于外标法。内标法的标准曲线可使用更长时间,对于大量样品的测定非常有利;而外标法必须每次测定时重新绘制新曲线。故废气中VOCs测定工作推荐使用内标法定量。     

水环境磷的灰化法测定中不同灰化助剂的效果比较

以磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠为磷标样,对加入不同盐试剂(灰化助剂)经不同温度(150℃～550℃)灼烧后磷的回收率进行了比较.所研究的灰化助剂除文献中报道过的MgSO₄和Mg(NO₃)₂外,还对MgCl₂等10余种盐试剂进行了实验.结果发现,磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠加入MgSO₄在常规的灼烧温度下灼烧,用0.2mol/L HCl于80℃浸提0.5h不能使磷全部回收,而MgCl₂、MgA     

磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)诱导人胚肾细胞HEK293凋亡的机制研究

磷系阻燃剂对人体的潜在毒性作用引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。肾脏是机体重要的排毒器官,若肾脏细胞受损,可能影响肾脏功能的正常发挥。本研究以人胚肾细胞HEK293为研究对象,结合传统毒理学实验,筛选出磷酸三苯酯(TPP)及磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)诱导人胚肾细胞HEK293凋亡的关键靶标基因p53。在此基础上采用分子对接模拟和光谱法分析发现,TPP和TCPP分别以嵌插方式和沟槽方式结合p53-DNA,改变基因片段的框架结构,启动分子起始事件,通过影响相关基因(Bax、Hrk、Bcl-2和Bad)的表达量,导致线粒体途径释放cyt c,最终激活Caspase 7实现细胞凋亡。研究结果阐明了此类污染物诱导凋亡的作用机制,为毒害化学品的污染防控提供理论依据。     

综合拉底、扩漏和出矿全过程的底部结构安全性颗粒流模拟技术研究

为探明自然崩落法从拉底崩落至出矿全过程中底部结构节理连续扩展过程与破坏过程规律，采用PFC2D软件，结合RocLab软件反演节理岩体参数，建立229 m×129 m的岩体扩大模型，对拉底崩落至出矿过程进行连续综合计算。研究结果表明:模拟结果及破坏现象与现场监测结果相近，建模与细观参数反演方法适用于该类岩体工程研究；裂纹扩展贯通导致岩体失稳破坏，破坏过程与裂纹扩展具有相对应的阶段特征，裂纹扩展分为崩落前稳定扩展期，崩落与聚矿槽开挖过程加速扩展期和后续持续扩展期；结构破坏分为蕴育过程，扰动失稳过程和宏观破坏过程；较大范围的宏观破坏主要在出矿阶段。该模拟方法与结果可为底部结构维护以及节理岩体长期稳定性研究提供参考。     

A new baseline model for estimating willingness to pay from discrete choice models

We show a substantive problem exists with the widely-used ratio of coefficients approach to calculating willingness to pay (WTP) from discrete choice models. The correctly calculated standard error for WTP using this approach is shown to be undefined. This occurs because the cost parameter's standard error implies some possibility the true parameter value is arbitrarily close to zero. We propose a simple yet elegant way to overcome this problem by reparameterizing the (negative) cost variable's coefficient using an exponential transformation to enforce the theoretically correct positive coefficient. With it the confidence interval for WTP is now finite and well behaved.     

Subcritical water oxidation of propham by H2O2 using response surface methodology (RSM)

This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of propham, which is a compound that pollutes water and seriously threatens human health, by subcritical water oxidation and using H₂O₂ as an oxidising agent. The maximum total organic carbon removal rate of propham was obtained as 73.65% at 40 min of treatment time and 60 mM of H₂O₂ concentration and 373 K of temperature. In addition, response surface method based on the Box-Behnken design was applied to design the degradation experiments of propham for determination of the combined effects of process variables, namely temperature, concentration of oxidising agent and treatment time. The proposed quadratic model of propham degradation, which was examined with the analysis of variance, was used for navigating the design space. The R² and adjusted R² values of the model were determined as 0.9921 and 0.9819 respectively. It was shown that propham was effectively degraded, thus could be removed from the water by using an environmentally friendly method.     

Horizontal lifelines – review of regulations and simple design method considering anchorage rigidity

Among the many occupational risks construction workers encounter every day falling from a height is the most dangerous. The objective of this article is to propose a simple analytical design method for horizontal lifelines (HLLs) that considers anchorage flexibility. The article presents a short review of the standards and regulations/acts/codes concerning HLLs in Canada the USA and Europe. A static analytical approach is proposed considering anchorage flexibility. The analytical results are compared with a series of 42 dynamic fall tests and a SAP2000 numerical model. The experimental results show that the analytical method is a little conservative and overestimates the line tension in most cases with a maximum of 17%. The static SAP2000 results show a maximum 2.1% difference with the analytical method. The analytical method is accurate enough to safely design HLLs and quick design abaci are provided to allow the engineer to make quick on-site verification if needed.