Fatal hit-and-run crashes: Factors associated with leaving the scene

Introduction: Hit-and-run crashes are a criminal offense that leave the victim without prompt medical care or the ability to receive financial compensation. Method: The purpose of the current study was to quantify the factors associated with the probability that a driver leaves the scene of a fatal crash, using multiple imputation to incorporate information from drivers who were never apprehended and thus whose characteristics were unknown. Results: The results of this study show that in addition to driver, vehicle, and environmental factors having significant impacts on the likelihood of a driver fleeing the scene, economic and demographic factors are important as well. Practical Applications: This analysis allows for a more holistic understanding of hit-and-run crashes and informs potential countermeasures and future research.     

有机酸性腐蚀品生产危险性分析

目前我国化工生产中涉及大量有机酸性腐蚀品,通过对某市化工行业调查及分析,发现有机酸性腐蚀品生产普遍,而且生产原料易燃易爆,生产过程存在火灾爆炸危险,结合具体生产工艺,采用预先危险性分析法和作业条件的危险性评价法分析生产过程危险性,从而揭示并概括有机酸性腐蚀品生产危险性.为更好地促进我国安全生产,在此基础上探讨了一些针对性的安全措施.     

隧道爆破振动影响因素的灰色关联分析

为优化隧道爆破方案,降低爆破振动危害,采用灰色关联分析法(GRA)对爆破振动的影响因素进行分析。首先确定振动速度、主振频率和振动持续时间作为系统特征变量,确定总药量、最大段药量、掏槽孔最大段药量、雷管段数、爆心距、最小延期间隔时间、临空面数等作为相关因素变量;再结合厦门某隧道爆破实测数据,进行灰色关联计算;然后对计算结果进行排序和优势分析,得到爆破振动影响因素的主次顺序,其中准优因素为爆心距,可控准优因素为雷管段数和掏槽眼最大段药量;最后对隧道爆破参数进行优化,测点爆破振速由1.2 cm/s减小到0.74 cm/s,降振率达38.3%。结果表明,采用GRA确定爆破振动主要影响因素,为有效控制爆破振动提供理论依据。     

粘土防渗尾矿库地震永久位移数值模拟

我国目前的防渗尾矿库数量越来越多,但对其动力分析相对较少。结合工程实际,使用FLAC2D软件建立了有限差分数值模型,对采用粘土垫层防渗的尾矿库进行二维地震动力响应分析,并将计算得到的坝顶最大水平位移与传统简化方法的计算结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,由于数值分析考虑了尾矿坝对地震波的放大效应,通过有限差分数值模型计算的水平位移比简化方法的计算结果大60%。参数分析表明:防渗垫层的抗剪强度对于尾矿库动力响应影响较大,其虽有一定隔震作用,使得防渗层上部的最大水平加速度低于其下部的最大水平加速度约5%~30%,但随着防渗垫层抗剪强度的降低,尾矿库的失稳模式由经过尾矿内部的圆弧形滑动向经过防渗层的楔形滑动转变,尾矿库的屈服加速度显著降低,永久水平位移从小于5cm增加到近70cm,可能造成震陷等灾害。该分析方法和结果对于地震区防渗尾矿库工程的设计有一定的参考价值。     

新疆某石化企业污水库周边土壤对钴的吸附行为研究

采用静态吸附法研究了新疆菜石化企业污水库周边土壤对重金属钴的吸附特征,考察了溶液pH值、钴离子平衡质量浓度、背景电解质浓度、吸附时间和环境温度等因素对钴吸附量的影响,并对吸附机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明:溶液pH值为1～4时,改变pH值对土壤吸附钴的影响显著;吸附时间在3h左右时钴吸附量趋于稳定;随溶液背景电解质浓度增大,土壤对钴的吸附量呈现先急剧后缓慢的下降趋势;土壤对钴的吸附量随温度升高而增加.拟合结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich模型能较好地描述土壤对钴吸附的热力学过程;在3h内,土壤对钴吸附的动力学过程可以用一级反应动力学方程表示.方差分析结果表明,对土壤吸附钴量有显著性影响的因素有溶液pH值、钴离子平衡浓度、吸附时间和温度等.     

旋风除尘器静动态强度分析

对旋风除尘器在静态载荷下的强度进行了分析,发现头部顶板是较薄弱部件。通过动态载荷系数（ＤＬＦ）方法,研究了旋风除尘器承受动态粉尘爆炸压力载荷时提高使用强度的可能性,结果表明,一般情况下,由于载荷的动态特性导致设备强度的变化可以忽略。     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of severe alpha-thalassemia

By means of chorion biopsy together with restriction endonuclease analysis of fetal DNA, first trimester diagnoses were successfully made in 33 fetuses at risk for Bart's hydrops fetalis. Seven pregnancies with Hb H or hydrops fetalis were therapeutically terminated before 4 months of gestation. Of the 26 pregnancies intended to continue, 18 have come to term with normal deliveries; one with threatened abortion was terminated at the end of the first trimester and, seven are progresssing normally.     

全球生活垃圾处置方式及影响因素——基于134个国家数据

近年来，国内外众多学者从不同角度运用不同方法探究城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素，但鲜见对生活垃圾处置方式的影响因素进行分析研究.本文以世界银行2018年颁布的《what a waste 2.0》中140个国家数据为基础，删掉数据年份较久远以及缺少GDP数据的6个国家，根据欧盟统计局、各国政府环保部门和统计部门网站以及相关年度报告，对所有国家数据逐一排查进行核实，并修正了40余国家生活垃圾处置数据，以134个国家在地理、经济和社会层面的5项指标为研究基础，选用相关性分析和logistic回归分析等研究方法，探究5种生活垃圾处置方式和影响因素之间的规律.主要结论如下：①生活垃圾开放式倾倒、填埋处置与人均国土面积无显著相关性；人均GDP达到2万美元以上的国家，基本实现"零倾倒"，填埋占比也随人均GDP增长逐渐下降；城市化水平与是否采用开放式倾倒呈显著负相关；②人均GDP在2万美元以下或城市化水平在40%以下的国家，基本为"零焚烧"；在不考虑"零焚烧"国家的情形下，焚烧处置主要集中在人均国土面积0~3 hm²的国家；人均GDP和受教育程度的高低是各国是否采用焚烧的主要影响因素；③资源化利用水平与人均国土面积呈负相关，而与人均GDP、城市化水平、受教育程度和废物法律法规体系呈正相关，其中法律法规对其影响力较小；人均GDP达到2万美元以上的国家，资源化利用率基本超过40%；受教育程度同样是影响各国是否采用资源化利用的主要因素；④其它处置方式与五项影响指标均呈现负相关；城市化水平为是否存在其它处置方式的决定因素，城市化水平达到80%以上时，其占比基本为0.     

Book reviews and notices

The aim of sustainable development is to balance social, economic, and environmental needs. In order to justify the decisions they make, stakeholders must quantify the different impacts found in the operations and developments of companies and/or projects throughout their life cycle. However, as some areas are subjective in nature, the quantification process of the different impacts and the assessment of sustainable development performance become arduous tasks of development, validation, and application of scientific and empirical methods with the intrinsic objective of finding an agreement among the involved parties (i.e., stakeholders). Several environmental and sustainability assessment tools, instruments, processes, and methodologies have been developed; rating systems stand out and have gained attention and credibility, as demonstrated by the vast number of certified projects around the world and the widely-known usefulness and advantages of their application. The Wa-Pa-Su project sustainability rating system presents an integrated approach to sustainability assessment by integrating three distinctive areas of knowledge: (1) sustainable development theory and fundamentals supports the ultimate goal of the rating system, which is to contribute to sustainability, with the aim of finding a path to balance social, economic, and environmental needs; (2) continual performance improvement becomes essential due to the duration of the projects, as it is critical to allow organizations or projects to improve performance over time; and (3) multi-criteria decision analysis assists with the assessment process through stakeholder engagement and participation, and the design and implementation of a criteria weighting system.     

重庆市主城区典型道路的交通噪声

选取重庆市主城区典型道路,实测了交通噪声昼夜、水平和垂直变化,结果表明：交通噪声昼夜等效A声级高速公路最高,主干道次之,次干道最低,交通噪声随车流量增加而增大,高峰值出现在上午8：00-10：00和17：00-20：00,最小值出现在凌晨4：00;水平方向上,随着距路沿距离的增加,噪声值逐渐减小,道路路沿45m以外可满足《声环境质量标准》（GB3096-2008）要求;垂直方向上,噪声值先增加后逐渐降低。