杭州市环境空气中黑碳质量浓度变化特征

采用2013年环境空气自动监测数据,分析杭州市空气中黑碳质量浓度的变化规律,并对变化特征的产生原因进行探讨。结果表明:黑碳测定年均值为4.10μg/m3,日变化有明显双峰结构,峰值出现在早7时和晚8时左右;从季节看,黑碳质量浓度冬季高(5.20μg/m3)、夏季低(3.00μg/m3);黑碳质量浓度与NO2、CO、PM10、PM2.5显著相关,与O3、风速、气温呈负相关,降水对黑碳的清除作用明显。     

液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类

制作了半挥发性有机物中流量采样装置,使用超细玻璃纤维滤膜采样,反相液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类,并对样品净化方式、目标化合物在气相和颗粒物上的分布规律及采样器的捕集效率进行了试验.方法在0.50 mg/L～50.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好,当浓缩体积为1.0 mL、采样体积为144 m3时,目标化合物的检出限为0.4×10-3 μg/m3～6.0×10-3 μg/m3;当采样体积为6 m3时,检出限为0.008 μg/m3～0.145 μg/m3.     

基于神经网络方法的城市空气质量日报技术

运用神经网络方法,将城市空气质量状况与大气污染物对空气质量的损害程度相关联,采用了"基于大气污染损害率的API法"评价概念,模拟发布长春市空气质量日报,同时公布次要污染物,并与API法进行同时段比对实验与综合分析。     

大体积水中痕量POPs的联动采集装置及其性能评价

天然水体中的痕量持久性有机污染物(POPs)的定量分析通常需要采集大体积水样.针对大体积水样在过滤和吸附富集过程中滤膜易堵塞且耗时费力的缺点,研制了一种固液分离过滤-吸附富集联动装置.该装置主要由粗过滤器、离心分离屏、倒置微孔过滤器、固相吸附柱、流速控制阀和真空泵组成.与传统的滤膜过滤方式相比,其过滤效率提高了约1.5...     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法

研究建立了活性炭管吸附,甲醇解吸,气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法。该法的检出限为1.8×10~(-3)mg/m~3,线性相关系数r为0.999 6,精密度RSD为1.3%~2.9%,回收率为82%~84%。该方法简单,干扰较少,结果准确、可靠,重现性好,适用于环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的测定。     

环境空气自动监测方法检出限相关问题探讨

探讨了环境空气自动监测中实际评估方法检出限的意义,详细介绍了常规气态污染物自动监测方法检出限的评估方法。并以EC 9850型SO2分析仪为例,说明了环境空气自动监测的测定步骤和方法检出限的计算。     

冶金炉重大危险源辨识及其爆炸事故后果模拟

冶金炉的铁水、钢水温度高,国内外多次发生冶金炉爆炸事故,但现阶段根据《重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2000)和《关于开展重大危险源监督管理工作的指导意见》(安监管协调字[2004]56号文)还无法判定其是否为重大危险源.运用爆炸学、热学等方法,提出了判定冶金炉是否为重大危险源的理论与方法,并给出了判定高炉是否为重大危险源的临界有效容积,判定转炉、混铁炉是否为重大危险源的临界公称吨位,最后通过VB编程对冶金炉进行了爆炸事故后果模拟,为冶金企业提供一定的参考价值.     

重庆气矿污染物排放现状及减排措施分析

重庆气矿在高压、高含硫、高产量条件下的天然气开发过程中,不可避免地会产生废水、废气、废渣、噪声等污染物,并对环境造成影响。为此,重庆气矿对污染物排放的种类、特点及现有治理措施和效果进行了分析,并对存在的问题提出了具体的防治措施。     

Assessment of population exposure to particulate matter pollution in Chongqing, China

To determine the population exposure to PM(10) in Chongqing, China, we developed an indirect model by combining information on the time activity patterns of various demographic subgroups with estimates of the PM(10) concentrations in different microenvironments (MEs). The spatial and temporal variations of the exposure to PM(10) were illustrated in a geographical information system (GIS). The population weighted exposure (PWE) for the entire population was 229, 155 and 211 microg/m(3), respectively, in winter, summer and as the annual average. Indoor PM(10) level at home was the largest contributor to the PWE, especially for the rural areas where high pollution levels were found due to solid fuels burning. Elder people had higher PM(10) exposure than adults and youth, due to more time spent in indoor MEs. The highest health risk due to particulate was found in the city zone and northeast regions, suggesting that pollution abatement should be prioritized in these areas.     

Effect of housing geometry on the performance of Chemcatcher passive sampler for the monitoring of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water

Passive sampling of pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler (the Chemcatcher) was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. Effects of physicochemical properties and environmental variables (water temperature and turbulence) on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterising the exchange of analytes between the sampler and water have been published. In this study, the effect of modification in sampler housing geometry on these calibration parameters was studied. The results obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that reducing the depth of the cavity in the sampler body geometry increased the exchange kinetics by approximately twofold, whilst having no effect on the correlation between the uptake and offload kinetics of analytes. The use of performance reference compounds thus avoids the need for extensive re-calibration when the sampler body geometry is modified.