重、特大煤矿事故的时间规律

针对1970年以来1400多起重、特大煤矿事故,应用统计分析方法,探讨了煤矿重、特大事故的时间规律以及不同事故类型与死亡人数之间的关系,发现重、特大煤矿事故与月份、每天不同时间段等有一定相关.每年11、4、3、5、6等月份重、特大事故较多,2月份事故次数最少(Asymp Sig=0.018),时间上重、特大事故高峰时段主要集中在9:00-13:00(Asymp Sig=0.000).自70年代以来单次事故死亡人数没有明显减少,不同事故类型与死亡人数有明显不同(Asymp Sig=0.000),瓦斯事故、煤尘事故、火灾、水灾、煤与瓦斯突出等单次影响较大,事故的时间规律在日期上显现不明显(Asymp Sig=0.262).预防重、特大事故应尤其注意相应的时间段和相应的事故类型.     

Range-Wide Selection of Catchments for Pacific Salmon Conservation

Abstract:  Freshwater ecosystems are declining in quality globally, but a lack of data inhibits identification of areas valuable for conservation across national borders. We developed a biological measure of conservation value for six species of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in catchments of the northern Pacific across Canada, China, Japan, Russia, and the United States. We based the measure on abundance and life-history richness and a model-based method that filled data gaps. Catchments with high conservation value ranged from California to northern Russia and included catchments in regions that are strongly affected by human development (e.g., Puget Sound). Catchments with high conservation value were less affected by agriculture and dams than other catchments, although only 1% were within biodiversity reserves. Our set of high-value areas was largely insensitive to simulated error, although classification remained uncertain for 3% of catchments. Although salmon face many threats, we propose they will be most likely to exhibit resilience into the future if a complementary mosaic of conservation strategies can be proactively adopted in catchments with healthy salmon populations. Our analysis provides an initial map of where these catchments are likely to be located.     

矿业密集区地表热环境时空异质性驱动机理

基于Landsat遥感影像热红外波段数据，利用大气校正法反演地表水热因子中的地表温度值，基于Landsat遥感影像可见光波段，从生物地球物理效应角度提取下垫面地表扰动类型和4个生物物理参数（光合植被覆盖度，Fractional Cover of Photosynthetic Vegetation，f_PV；土壤湿度监测指数，Soil Moisture Monitoring Index，SMMI；增强型裸土指数，Enhanced Bare Soil Index，EBSI；归一化不透水面指数，Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index，NDISI），借助叠加分析、相关分析和回归分析，定量分析了河北省迁安市马兰庄镇地表热环境时空异质性特征并可视化，以及4个生物地球物理参数的响应规律.结果表明：矿业用地地表温度最高，属热岛效应聚集区；地表下垫面扰动类型以及4个驱动因子的时空变化，导致研究区夏季午间地表热环境异质性较大，且5期影像下垫面地表温度均呈现出工矿用地>居民地>耕地>林地>水域的分异特征；单因素回归分析表明，f_PV和SMMI指数与归一化地表温度（Normalized Land Surface Temperature，NLST）呈线性负相关（P<0.01），EBSI和NDISI与NLST呈线性正相关（P<0.01）；多元回归分析表明，利用4个生物物理参数综合考量地表热环境异质性，可全面反映下垫面生物物理参数与地表温度的真实关系，且5期影像与LST呈负相关关系的SMMI回归系数均大于f_PV，说明地表温度的下降与土壤湿度的增加有明显的关系；与LST呈正相关关系的EBSI回归系数均大于NDISI，说明地表温度的上升与裸土的增加有明显的关系.研究结果可为矿业密集区地表热环境异质性的评估和优化提供定量参考.     

经济发达地区土地可持续利用主要矛盾及其成因分析

本文从阐述土地利用的主要矛盾特征入手，分析了经济发达地区土地利用矛盾的自然成因及战略偏差、结构偏差及利益偏差等深层实质，提出了解决我国尤其是经济发达地区日益尖锐的土地利用矛盾以及实现土地资源可持续利用的根本途径。     

新疆于田县人口变化与持续发展

从多角度分析新疆于田县50多年来的人口变化状况，其变动由3个波峰和3个波谷组成。增长率最高峰为1984年的34．13‰。最低峰是1964年的-2．29‰。两者相差36．42‰。形成人口高增长率的因素主要是社会稳定、医疗条件改善、文化大革命及政策；而瘟疫流行、自然灾害、人口惯性及政策控制了其增长。同时，由于宽松的少数民族生育政策。其人口控制和变化比发达地区滞盾一个时段．并亵现出偏远、自给自足地区受外界干扰少——一种典型封闭系统的人口变化特征。各类人口模式的变化都表明于田县人口变化已趋于一个较为合理的增长。为该县的经济和社会的持续发展提供了客观可能性。     

Evaluation of Biogeographic Classification Schemes for Conservation Planning: Application to New Zealand's Coastal Marine Environment

Abstract:  For many regions worldwide, multiple and often contrasting biogeographic classifications exist that are derived from a variety of taxa and techniques. This presents a challenge for managers who must choose appropriate large-scale spatial frameworks for systematic conservation planning. We demonstrate how systematically collected community data can be used to evaluate existing biogeographic classifications, identify the most appropriate metric for biogeographic patterns seen in other taxonomic groups, and develop an independent biogeographic classification scheme for systematic conservation planning. We evaluated 6 existing biogeographic classifications for New Zealand's nearshore marine environment with community-similarity metrics derived from abundance and presence–absence data for macroalgae (107 species) and mobile macroinvertebrates (44 species). The concordance between community metrics and the previous classifications was high, as indicated by a high multivariate classification success (CS) (74.3–98.3%). Subsequently, we carried out an independent classification analysis on each community metric to identify biogeographic units within a hierarchical spatial framework. The classification derived from macroalgal presence–absence data achieved the highest CS and could be used as a mesoscale classification scheme in which 11 regional groupings (i.e., bioregions) (CS = 73.8–84.8%) are nested within northern and southern biogeographic provinces (CS = 90.3–98.7%). These techniques can be used in systematic conservation planning to inform the design of representative and comprehensive networks of marine protected areas through evaluation of the current coverage of marine reserves in each bioregion. Currently, 0.22% of the territorial sea around mainland New Zealand is protected in no-take marine protected areas in which 0–1.5% of each bioregion represented.     

Evaluation of DNA damage in the root cells of Allium cepa seeds growing in soil of high background radiation areas of Ramsar – Iran

Plants are unique in their ability to serve as in situ monitors for environmental genotoxins. We have used the alkaline comet assay for detecting induced DNA damage in Allium cepa to estimate the impact of high levels of natural radiation in the soils of inhabited zones of Ramsar. The average specific activity of natural radionuclides measured in the soil samples for ²²⁶Ra was 12,766 Bq kg⁻¹ whereas in the control soils was in the range of 34–60 Bq kg⁻¹. A positive strong significant correlation of the DNA damage in nuclei of the root cells of A. cepa seeds germinated in the soil of high background radiation areas with ²²⁶Ra specific activity of the soil samples was observed. The results showed high genotoxicity of radioactively contaminated soils. Also the linear increase in the DNA damage indicates that activation of repair enzymes is not triggered by exposure to radiation in HBRA.     

"一评三案"在控制重大风险作业中的应用

介绍了控制重大风险作业采取的“一评三案”的具体内容、应用效果及注意事项。     

安徽沿江地带投资环境综合研究

改善投资环境吸引外资是经济发展的重要内容。安徽沿江地带是长江经济带重要的组成部分，对安徽沿江地带投资环境进行了分析与评价，并就进一步完善沿江地带宏观投资环境，推动经济联合发展提出了建议与措施。     

Conservation Planning when Costs Are Uncertain

Abstract: Spatially explicit information on the financial costs of conservation actions can improve the ability of conservation planning to achieve ecological and economic objectives, but the magnitude of this improvement may depend on the accuracy of the cost estimates. Data on costs of conservation actions are inherently uncertain. For example, the cost of purchasing a property for addition to a protected‐area network depends on the individual landholder's preferences, values, and aspirations, all of which vary in space and time, and the effect of this uncertainty on the conservation priority of a site is relatively untested. We investigated the sensitivity of the conservation priority of sites to uncertainty in cost estimates. We explored scenarios for expanding (four‐fold) the protected‐area network in Queensland, Australia to represent a range of vegetation types, species, and abiotic environments, while minimizing the cost of purchasing new properties. We estimated property costs for 17, 790 10 × 10 km sites with data on unimproved land values. We systematically changed property costs and noted how these changes affected conservation priority of a site. The sensitivity of the priority of a site to changes in cost data was largely dependent on a site's importance for meeting conservation targets. Sites that were essential or unimportant for meeting targets maintained high or low priorities, respectively, regardless of cost estimates. Sites of intermediate conservation priority were sensitive to property costs and represented the best option for efficiency gains, especially if they could be purchased at a lower price than anticipated. Thus, uncertainty in cost estimates did not impede the use of cost data in conservation planning, and information on the sensitivity of the conservation priority of a site to estimates of the price of land can be used to inform strategic conservation planning before the actual price of the land is known.