菏泽市城区酸雨成因分析与对策

大气污染带来的危害已明显影响到人民群众的身心健康，菏泽市城区“十五”以来降水监测的酸雨现状表明菏泽市酸雨污染呈逐年加重趋势，指出了菏泽市城区酸雨污染成因和发展趋势，进而提出了改善城市大气环境质量的建议与对策。     

金属氧化物直接分解CO2成C的活性分析

复各种类型的简简单和复合金属氧化物在Ｈ２还原活性化前后分解ＣＯ２成Ｃ活的性试验的结果，决定金属氧化物分解ＣＯ２活性的因素是氧缺位程度石结构及其含铁相。     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

桂北锰矿废弃地主要植物种类调查及土壤重金属污染评价

采用样方法和实地勘查法调查了桂北荔浦锰矿区废弃地自然定居和人工种植的植物,并且对8个区的主要植物及其土壤重金属含量进行了分类、测试。并采用污染指数评价法对矿区废弃地土壤重金属的污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、飞蓬(Erigeron acer)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、耳草(Hedyotisauricularia)对重金属有较强的耐性,而且能适应废弃地的不良环境,可作为锰矿废弃地生态恢复的先锋植物;用3种不同的背景值对废弃地土壤重金属污染程度的评价结果是一致的,除Pb外,5种重金属元素单项污染指数均大于2,表示被污染,其中以Mn、Zn、Cd污染最为严重。锰矿废弃地人工复垦采用典型的农业恢复模式,以种植果树和经济作物为主,果实中Cr、Cd的含量均超过食品卫生限量标准,因此矿山恢复的早期不宜直接种植果树和食用经济作物。以上研究结果可为锰矿废弃地的生态恢复和植被重建提供科学依据。     

锰砂催化电化学方法对染料K2G脱色效果的研究

研究了锰砂催化电化学方法对偶氮染料K2G的脱色效果 .结果表明 ,锰砂中的主要成份MnOOH对电化学过程具有催化作用 ,可有效地提高染料的脱色效率 .对锰砂的X光衍射实验证明 ,反应过程中MnOOH的含量无较大变化 .染料溶液的起始pH值对其脱色率没有明显的影响 .在最佳电流密度di 为 0 2 6A·dm- 2 ,Na2 SO4 浓度为0 0 1mol·l- 1时 ,电解 70min ,浓度为 1 0 0mg·l- 1的染料K2G的脱色率能达到 99% .     

土壤pH对锰赋存形态的影响

以热带亚热带土壤为研究对象，用连续分级浸提法探讨了土壤中锰赋存形态与ｐＨ值的关系。结果表明：土壤中的锰处于一种动态平衡状态，各形态锰的含量及其占全锰的比例随ｐＨ的变化而变化，其中代换态锰和有机态锰随ｐＨ值升高而减少，氧化态锰、无定形铁结合态锰和晶形铁结合态锰则随ｐＨ值升高而增加，土壤中锰的生物有效性则随ｐＨ值升高而降低。     

Predicting the risk of cobalt deprivation in grazing livestock from soil composition data

The objective was to derive predictive equations for acetic acid-extractable cobalt (A-ECo) in soils so that extensive national databases for total (T) Co in soils and stream sediments could be converted to plant available concentrations for the purpose of predicting risk of Co deficiency in grazing livestock. Data on the chemical and physical properties of 103 soils from 15 different parent materials and 54 soil series in England and Wales were used. Ranges for the mean values for parent materials were: TCo, 5.0–20.4 and A-ECo, 0.20–1.30 mg kg^–1; percentage (P) A-ECo, 3.4–13.5; soil manganese (Mn) 268–1174 mg kgDM^–1; pH, 3.7–8.0. There were significant effects of parent material on all parameters with Chalks, Old and New Red Sandstones particularly low in A-ECo. Multiple linear regression yielded the following equation for predicting A-ECo, which accounted for 56% of the variance with 12 outliers, including the lowest pH values, omitted:A-ECo(mg kg^-1) = 1.4 - 0.0619TCo (mg kg^-1) - 0.432TMn(g kg^-1) - 0.171pHPrediction of PA-ECo was less precise:PA-ECo(%) = 21.1 - 4.5TMn(g kg^-1) - 1.77pH(r ² = 44.8%; 88 d.f.REML was used on the complete, unbalanced, log-transformed data set to fit a Generalised Mixed Model with parent material as random effect and soil Mn and pH as fixed effects; the effect of parent material was no longer significant. It was concluded that A-ECo can be satisfactorily predicted for most soils in England and Wales from TCo, TMn and soil pH.     

Fe~（2＋）和Mn~（2＋）对水稻锌吸收与运转的影响

水培试验结果表明，Ｆｅ（２＋）、Ｍｎ（２＋）对水稻锌的吸收和运转有明显的影响．高浓度Ｆｅ（２＋）或Ｍｎ（２＋）（５μｇ／ｇ）显著降低水稻吸锌量、抑制锌由根向茎、叶的运转．稻株生物量与叶片Ｆｅ／Ｚｎ比值或Ｍｎ／Ｚｎ比值有明显的负相关关系，在叶片Ｆｅ／Ｚｎ＞８或Ｍｎ／Ｚｎ＞２６时，水稻生物量明显降低．造成水稻缺锌的主要原因是土壤有效锌含量低，而高浓度Ｆｅ（２＋）和Ｍｎ（２＋）是诱发和加重水稻缺锌的重要条件．因此在生产上应重视改善缺锌低洼稻田的排水通气状况．     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理NO_X废气的研究

矿化垃圾(稳定化垃圾)是一种良好的生物介质,可作为生物反应床的填料处理NOX废气。实验室研究表明,稳定化垃圾反应床可有效地处理NOX气体,其硝化能力(以N计)可达0.83g/(kg·d)(干重)。NOX去除率受停留时间的影响显著,NOX去除率随着停留时间的缩短而降低。当空床停留时间为1.5min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为76.7%;空床停留时间为15min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为91.0%。在NOX进气负荷低于110mmol/(m3·h)时,NOX消除能力随进气负荷的增加而线性增加。当进气流量一定时,NOX去除能力随着进气NOX浓度的增加而线性增加。     

用活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收法脱除氮氧化物的研究

为了提高硝酸吸收氮氧化物的效率，对活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收NOx进行了研究。结果表明：活性填料能明显提高NOx的吸收效率；当NOx中NO2体积百分含量增加，其吸收效率增加；随进气浓度和液气比的增大，NOx吸收效率增加；随NO2浓度的增加，NO的吸收效率先增加后减少，在NO／NO2为3时，NO吸收效率最高；随NO的增加NO2的吸收效率先增加后减少，在NO／NO2为0．6～1之间，NO2的吸收效果较好。