硫酸锰废渣的浸出毒性及处理研究

研究了硫酸锰废渣的主要金属元素组成及浸出毒性,并采用锰渣加石灰混合的方法进行无害化处理,研究结果表明,硫酸锰废渣浸出液中Mn、Cd超标,锰渣加石灰混合处理的方法能有效降低废渣的浸出毒性,锰渣与石灰的重量比为25:2最佳.     

Laboratory and field measurements of NOx produced from corona discharge

This research consists of a laboratory study and a field study. The laboratory research reports the formation of NO_x from a point to plane corona discharge. Discharge polarity and relative humidity determined the amount of NO_x that was produced. The positive point discharge caused more NO_x to form than the negative point discharge. For both polarities NO_x production showed a nonlinear increase with current. Relative humidity enhanced the NO_x formation for both polarities. In each case, the amount of NO_x formed was comparable to the quantity of N₂O produced from corona discharge. The research also reports the results from a field study that measured the amounts of 03 and NO₂ produced by corona discharge during a thunderstorm. The study found that the ambient concentrations of 03 and NO₂ increased several fold due to corona discharge and returned to original levels after the thunderstorm.     

Fe2+EDTA液相对NO的络合作用

对Fe~(2 )EDTA溶液络合NO过程的影响因素的探讨,是“液相络合-铁还原-酸吸收”回收法脱除烟气中NOx技术研究的基础。用鼓泡反应器和模拟烟气,在实验室研究了Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO的过程,探讨了Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO过程的影响因素,以及该过程的反应平衡常数。结果表明:Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合能力随时间延长而减弱;Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合容量随着烟气中O2含量的增加和络合温度的升高而降低,随络合液中Fe2 EDTA浓度增加而呈直线增加;pH值为8左右时,Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合容量最大;Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO的反应平衡常数在实验条件下为105~106L·mol-1数量级,其值随温度升高而降低。     

三维电极对水中染料降解脱色处理

研究了在传统二维电解槽的铁板电极之间填充锰砂并鼓气搅拌，得到三相三维电极流化床反应器，对比两种反应器对酸性大红3R染色模拟废水降解脱色作用，考察了槽电压、支持电解质质量浓度、反应时间等因素对两种反应器处理染料脱色率的影响。实验表明，这些因素对酸性大红3R的降解脱色均有不同程度的影响，在相同条件下，三相三维电极流化床反应器比二维电极电解槽的处理脱色速度快和处理效率高，在不同处理时间内，脱色率可提高30％～50％。紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明，该方法不仅能对酸性大红3R的生色基团进行降解脱色，且对萘环不饱和共轭体系也具有破坏降解作用。     

Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils

Previous research has demonstrated that many urban soils are enriched in Pb, Cd and Zn. Culture of vegetable crops in these soils could allow transfer of potentially toxic metals to foods. Tanya lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in pots of five urban garden soils and one control agricultural soil to assess the effect of urban-soil metal enrichment, and the effect of soil amendments, on heavy metal uptake by garden vegetables. The amendments included NPK fertilizer, limestone, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, and two rates of limed sewage sludge compost. Soil Cd ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mg kg^–1; soil Zn from 38 to 3490 mg kg^–1; and soil Pb from 12 to 5210 mg kg^–1. Lettuce yield on the urban garden soils was as great as or greater than that on the control soil. Lettuce Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations increased from 0.65, 23, and 2.2 mg kg^–1 dry matter in the control soil to as high as 3.53, 422 and 37.0 mg kg^–1 on the metal-rich urban garden soils. Adding limestone or limed sewage sludge compost raised soil pH and significantly reduced lettuce Cd and Zn, while phosphate fertilizer lowered soil pH and had little effect on Zn but increased Cd concentration in lettuce. Urban garden soils caused a significant increase in lettuce leaf Pb concentration, especially on the highest Pb soil. Adding NPK fertilizer, phosphate, or sludge compost to two high Pb soils lowered lettuce Pb concentration, but adding limestone generally did not. On normally fertilized soils, Pb uptake by lettuce was not exceptionally high until soil Pb substantially exceeded 500 mg kg^–1. Comparing garden vegetables and soil as potential sources of Pb risk to children, it is clear that the risk is greater through ingestion of soil or dust than through ingestion of garden vegetables grown on the soil. Urban dwellers should obtain soil metal analyses before selecting garden locations to reduce Pb risk to their children.     

不同耕作制度对土壤中锰赋存形态及其有效性的影响

以花岗岩母质发育的旱地红壤和水稻土为研究对象，探讨了不同耕作制度下土壤中锰的赋存形态及其生物有效性。结果表明：在水旱轮作条件下，土壤中的锰更多地以代换态和晶形铁结合态存在；旱作土壤中的锰则较多地以有机态和无定形铁结合态存在．然而，单位有机质络合的锰量却是水稻土大于红壤。水旱轮作措施具有活化锰的作用，使得土壤中锰有效性更大并且主要以代换态存在。旱作土壤则不同，土壤活性锰除来自代换衣外，尚有大约４５％以有机态或无定形铁结合态存在。     

天然水体底质中Mn元素含量采样和分析质量控制研究

利用采样和分析全程质量控制程序(SAX),对于吉林省内7个天然水体底质中Mn元素的采样和分析过程进行了质量控制(QC)实例研究.实验采用了平行采样平行分析的设计方案,并进行了空白实验、重复测定和加标回收率的测定.然后利用稳健方差分析(Robust ANOVA)计算了采样分析全过程中的地理方差、采样方差和分析方差,并对整个质控过程按照适目的性原则进行了评价.通过本文的研究以及其他工作成果,可知评价中采用的比例限值标准在一般意义下的SAX过程中是行之有效的.但是,也应注意到该限值标准不是绝对的,在具体的实验设计中需要考虑多方面因素.     

在有氧条件下用生物过滤系统去除NOx

针对有氧环境下用生物过滤法处理废气中的NOx效率普遍不高的现状,将优选后的好氧反硝化菌应用于生物过滤系统用来脱除模拟燃烧废气中NOx,同时设立反硝化菌活性再生系统,维持系统中微生物间的持续稳定反硝化协同性和有效微生物量.进一步研究高浓度氧环境下,环境因素对NO脱除效率的影响,以及研究模拟气体中NO在生物过滤系统中的转化机理.结果表明,该工艺系统能有效克服氧对反硝化菌活性的抑制作用,生物滤塔在不同氧浓度下皆可实现对NO的高效率脱除;甚至在氧气体积分数20%、气体停留时间为1min、最佳操作温度为40～50℃条件下,对647mg·m-3NO的脱除率可达85%以上.本实验有目的地培养得到好氧条件下特有的微生物混合体系,其以兼性反硝化菌为主,多种菌种的存在形成良好的生物协同性,有利于有氧环境下NOx好氧反硝化反应的高效稳定进行.     

锰矿砂对取代酚的光氧化作用研究

研究了不同条件下锰矿砂对４种取代酚的光氧化作用。结果表明，ｐＨ＝３．１０±０．０４时，苯酚、对氯苯酚、对氨基酚及对苯二酚均能被锰矿砂光催化氧化。低ｐＨ值，适当的苯酚初始浓度及适当的锰矿砂浓度有利于锰矿砂对取代酚的氧化；离子强度和溶解氧浓度不影响反应速度。对其可能的机理及取代基效应进行了讨论。     

大气中铁、锰液相催化氧化二氧化硫动力学

研究了ｐｈ在３－５的范围内，大气浓度水平下、铁、锰和铁锰共存时的注相催化氧化的动力学，发现在不同的条件下反应级数，表观反应速率常数和活化能不同，证实了铁，锰对Ｓ（Ⅳ）的液相催化氧化有明显的协同作用，并给出了许多反应体系的经验速率表达式。