Anatomical Structure of Ectomycorrhiza in Abies sibirica Ledeb. and Picea obovata Ledeb. under Conditions of Forest Ecosystems Polluted with Emissions from Copper-Smelting Works

Changes in the anatomical characters of ectomycorrhiza in Siberian fir and Siberian spruce were studied in natural forests polluted with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Fe) and sulfur dioxide. As technogenic load increased, the total radius of mycorhiza terminals and plant roots included in them increased in the organic horizon and decreased in the mineral part of the soil. The absolute thickness of fungal mycorhiza caps and their relative contribution to the total volume of consuming organs increased under pollution. The observed responses were regarded as adaptive, aimed at compensating the adverse effects caused by technogenic pollution.     

微电解法处理含压裂液废水的实验研究

本文以瓜尔胶为主要成分模拟含压裂液废水,采用微电解工艺,研究了Fe/C质量比、进水pH、停留时间对CODCr去除率的影响。由数据得知,当Fe/C质量比5:1,进水pH值为3.0,反应90 min条件下,CODCr从2 300 mg/L降到1 159 mg/L,CODCr的去除率达到49.6%。实验结果表明,微电解法对含压裂液高浓度煤层气产出水有较好的处理效果,该方法可与生化或人工湿地等技术配合,对出水进一步处理达标排放或利用。     

活动式密闭罩在钢包翻罐装置尘源治理中的应用

针对某钢厂钢包翻罐装置的工艺特点 ,结合该装置除尘系统改造工程 ,设计了一种大型活动式密闭罩 ,解决了钢包翻罐装置的尘源捕集问题 ,在实际应用中获得了良好效果     

黄土地区石油钻井废弃泥浆处置对策研究

石油勘探开发过程中大量的废弃钻井泥浆会引起土壤、地表水和地下水的污染。选择长庆油田陕北采区区内5个井场的钻井泥浆进行研究,探索了石油钻井泥浆的处置对策。结果发现,物理方法很难直接从泥浆中分离出水。因此必须先破坏泥浆的胶体结构,使其失去稳定性,才能实现固液分离。为此提出了铁盐破胶,以粉煤灰、石灰为主凝固剂,外加黄土为辅料的泥浆固化处置技术。该技术处理泥浆的优化条件是：三氯化铁用量为0.6%,粉煤灰用量为25%,石灰用量为6%,黄土用量为40%。结果表明,采用该工艺处理废弃泥浆是行之有效的,使处理后水质各项指标均符合《综合污水排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）二级标准。     

地幔源气体的CO_2/~3He特征及其地质意义

全球范围内的洋中脊玄武岩 (MORB)玻璃及气泡具有均一的CO2 /3He比率(CO2 摩尔数与3He摩尔数之比 ) ,为 ( 2～ 7)× 1 0 9,这表明通过洋中脊体系释放的幔源气体具有基本恒定的CO2 /3He比率。地幔脱气的机理研究表明 ,MORB中的该比率反映的是初始MORB岩浆的挥发份特征 ,而气泡在MORB岩浆中的成核、生长和上升的活动过程所造成的CO2 -3He的分离是很有限的 ,这说明幔源气体具有特征的CO2 /3He比率。匈牙利潘诺尼亚盆地等一系列的研究实例表明 ,幔源气体的CO2 /3He比率特征能够可靠地估计地幔脱气的通量 ,并为大陆地区构造拉张背景下的地幔脱气研究提供了一个可靠的约束条件。     

前寒武纪基性岩墙群的地球化学特征与岩石成因讨论

基性岩墙群广泛出现在全世界前寒武纪地盾中 ,它的发育往往与区域性伸展构造环境有关 ,并可能与地幔柱有密切联系。前寒武纪出现的基性岩墙群以拉斑玄武质占绝对优势 (>80 % ) ,但在新太古代—古元古代高Mg的苏长质组分和苦橄质岩石也占重要位置 ,碱性岩类则相当稀少 ;而在新元古代碱性岩墙则变得很重要。基性岩墙群总体以富集LREE和大离子亲石元素为特征 ,其中在苏长岩中更为富集。基性岩墙群的岩浆有多种来源 ,其中苏长质岩浆主要来源于太古宙的陆下岩石圈 ,而拉斑玄武质岩浆多来源于主要由主体地幔组分 (PREMA)构成的地幔柱。地壳混染总体说来不是造成基性岩墙同位素及地球化学特征的主要机制。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

地幔流体的稳定同位素地球化学综述

总结了 2 0年来国内外学者对地幔流体研究的成果和认识。主要包括地幔流体的性质和组成 ;地幔流体中同位素的含量、组成和赋存形式 ;同位素分馏和地幔脱气等作用对地幔组分的影响等。在不同地区和不同构造环境条件的地幔流体中 ,各种组分含量和同位素组成变化可以很大 ,从一个侧面指示地幔组分的不均一性 ,反映了不同地幔物质的形成历程不同或来自不同的地幔源区。此外 ,还讨论了目前存在的几个疑点     

Physical-chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of water based drilling fluids used in Italian off-shore

In order to evaluate the effects on the marine ecosystem caused by an eventual discharge into sea of water based drilling fluids, as current legislation allows, chemical and ecotoxicological analyses were performed on the most common drilling muds and products used in Italian off-shore activities. The chemical analysis on drilling fluids involved the leaching test and the measurement of total content of heavy metals, whereas biodegradation tests were performed on the products used in mud's formulations. As for ecotoxicological evaluation, two marine organisms, the crustacean Artemia salina and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were selected to determine the LC₅₀ and the EC₅₀ respectively.     

绿色钻井液体系应用分析

文章分析了烷基葡萄糖苷钻井液体系、合成基钻井液体系、甲酸盐钻井液体系、硅酸盐钻井液体系、有机盐钻井液体系等的特点及应用;分析钻井液使用存在的问题并提出了如何推广环保钻井液的建议,指明了未来环保型钻井液处理剂和体系的研究方向。