西昆仑库地基性脉岩地球化学及构造意义

西昆仑北带库地一带广泛发育基性岩墙群(辉绿岩),其化学成分为拉斑质玄武岩系列。岩脉的微量元素与稀土元素具典型的板内溢流玄武岩特征,富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土,稀土元素总量较高,弱的Eu正异常。Ta、Nb、Hf、Zr无亏损现象,反映岩脉未受到地壳物质的明显混染及经历了弱的结晶分异作用;而Sr、P明显亏损。则反映了亏损的源区性质,但不相容元素的比值表现出EMI特征,推测不相容元素富集是软流圈地幔上涌过程中低程度熔融所致。综合本文的研究及野外地质特征。表明辉绿岩是古塔里木南缘新元古代大陆裂解背景下的产物。     

Natural attenuation of xenobiotic organic compounds in a landfill leachate plume (Vejen,Denmark)

Demonstration of natural attenuation of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) in landfill leachate plumes is a difficult task and still an emerging discipline within groundwater remediation. One of the early studies was made at the Vejen Landfill in Denmark in the late 1980s, which suggested that natural attenuation of XOCs took place under strongly anaerobic conditions within the first 150 m of the leachate plume. This paper reports on a revisit to the same plume 10 years later. Within the strongly anaerobic part of the plume, 49 groundwater samples were characterized with respect to redox-sensitive species and XOCs. The analytical procedures have been developed further and more compounds and lower detection limits were observed this time. In addition, the samples were screened for degradation intermediates and for toxicity. The plume showed fairly stationary features over the 10-year period except that the XOC level as well as the level of chloride and nonvolatile organic carbon (NVOC) in the plume had decreased somewhat. Most of the compounds studied were subject to degradation in addition to dilution. Exceptions were benzene, the herbicide Mecoprop (MCPP), and NVOC. In the early study, NVOC seemed to degrade in the first part of the plume, but this was no longer the case. Benzyl succinic acid (BSA) was for the first time identified in a leachate plume as a direct indicator, and as the only intermediate of toluene degradation. Toxicity measurements on solid phase-extracted (SPE) samples revealed that toxic compounds not analytically identified were still present in the plume, suggesting that toxicity measurements could be helpful in assessing natural attenuation in leachate plumes.     

幔源含金流体主动就位与容矿断裂形成机制

基于石英包裹体成分测定、容矿断裂形成机制的理论分析、高温高压实验研究、动力学数学公式举例、含金流体瞬间就位过程及容矿断裂形成环境的探讨 ,提出了幔源含金流体主动就位机制。幔源流体萃取围岩金质并由导矿构造进入容矿断裂过程中 ,依自身扩张力或贯入力使岩石发生破裂 ,容矿断裂的产生和含矿流体沉淀近于同时形成。这为金矿脉与基性 -超基性脉岩的关系、金矿脉在空间呈有规律性分布和建立模式的研究增加了新的内容。     

地幔流体基本特征及成因

与构造环境密切相关的氧逸度是控制地幔流体成分的最根本因素CO2和H2O为大多数地幔流体的主要成分。俯冲板块的脱水脱气作用、地幔原始残留挥发份及地幔部分熔融作用是地幔流体的主要来源。     

浙东中、新生代玄武岩起源、演化与地幔交代作用

浙东中,新生代玄武岩在诸多方面存在相当明显的差异,由此追溯其源区特征与演化过程中地幔交代作用的影响,对于了解浙东、乃至整个中国东南大陆火山带深部背景和火山带由中生代向新生代的转变机制有着重要意义。     

中国东南大陆中、新生代岩浆作用与壳幔演化动力学

本文论述了中国东南大陆中、新生代岩浆作用的多旋回性和迁移性，构造演化与岩石系列和岩石组合的关系。前寒武纪岩石圈制约本区中、新生代岩浆作用和成矿作用，并在三种岩石围岩石学一地球物理综合模型中反映。总结了四个主要构造期岩浆作用源区特征和构造背景，并根据不同大地构造单元在碰撞造山后近南北向刊近北东向伸展裂解，从造山带挤压碰撞向伸展裂解机制转换过程探讨了中、新生代岩浆作用和壳幔演化动力学。     

滇西地区上地幔铅同位素组成的确定及其应用

滇西地区基性 超基性岩、碱性岩中的长石、石榴子石、橄榄石等单矿物及羊拉铜矿区二叠世海相玄武岩的铅同位素组成可以代表原始地幔的铅同位素组成 ,由此确定的该区上地幔铅同位素组成变化范围为　2 0 6Pb/2 0 4Pb =1 7.877～1 8.5 0 6,平均 1 8.1 0 8,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4Pb=1 5 .470～1 5 .5 87,平均 1 5 .479,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4Pb=3 7.797～ 3 8.5 67,平均 3 8.1 77。研究发现 ,由于受地壳物质的混染和成岩后U、Th衰变产生的放射成因铅的影响 ,这些幔源岩石全岩铅同位素组成已不能代表原始上地幔的铅同位素组成 ;金顶铅锌矿床的铅并非上地幔来源 ,而是相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

Multiscale Plume Transport from the Collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001

The collapse of the world trade center (WTC) produced enhanced levels of airborne contaminants in New York City and nearby areas on September 11, 2001 through December, 2001. This catastrophic event revealed the vulnerability of the urban environment, and the inability of many existing air monitoring systems to operate efficiently in a crisis. The contaminants released circulated within the street canyons, but were also lifted above the urban canopy and transported over large distances, reflecting the fact that pollutant transport affects multiple scales, from single buildings through city blocks to mesoscales. In this study, ground-and space-based observations were combined with numerical weather forecast fields to initialize fine-scale numerical simulations. The effort is aimed at reconstructing pollutant dispersion from the WTC in New York City to surrounding areas, to provide means for eventually evaluating its effect on population and environment. Atmospheric dynamics were calculated with the multi-grid Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), covering scales from 250 m to 300 km and contaminant transport was studied using the Hybrid Particle and Concentration Transport (HYPACT) model that accepts RAMS meteorological output. The RAMS/HYPACT results were tested against PM2.5 observations from the roofs of public schools in New York City (NYC), Landsat images, and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) retrievals. Calculations accurately reproduced locations and timing of PM2.5 peak aerosol concentrations, as well as plume directionality. By comparing calculated and observed concentrations, the effective magnitude of the aerosol source was estimated. The simulated pollutant distributions are being used to characterize levels of human exposure and associated environmental health impacts.     

中庭式建筑内回廊排烟方法有效性的研究

中庭式建筑各楼层均通过中庭相连,因此给建筑物内机械排烟设计造成了困难.近年来一些学者提出了回廊排烟的概念,但并没有进行深入的研究.本文采用二维线性羽流模型对回廊排烟过程进行了描述,从理论上分析了采用回廊排烟控制建筑内烟气蔓延的效果.并采用FDS对一实际中庭式建筑采用回廊排烟的效果进行了模拟,对理论分析进行了验证.还对回廊内蓄烟池的深度进行了讨论,提出将回廊蓄烟池深度设为1 m左右是比较合适的.     

水喷淋下大空间建筑烟气输运的数值模拟研究

大空间建筑由于其功能、结构上的特殊性,使得现有的消防规范不能满足其防火要求,特别是针对大空间建筑的防排烟设计就更为不适用。性能化设计方法是目前防火领域最先进的技术,水喷淋系统作为大空间建筑原有的消防设施其对火灾烟气输运的影响,已作为一项重要的性能参考指标。笔者从数值模拟的角度出发,利用流体动力学软件FDS,研究有无喷淋情况下火源功率能量传递及羽流烟气的输运过程。通过对两种火灾场景下火羽流温度、地面传导热通量及辐射热通量的对比分析,探讨了火羽流流场分布形式,为大空间建筑的防排烟设计提供有力参考。