酵母菌处理皂素生产废水的研究

通过小型批量试验 ,对酵母菌处理皂素生产废水的技术条件进行了研究。结果表明 :在pH为 5 .0 ,温度 30℃ ,处理时间 4 8h ,接种量 10 %的条件下 ,废水CODCr去除率可达 70 %。该技术操作简单 ,可作为预处理应用于实际工程中 ,并可回收一定的酵母蛋白 ,具有一定的经济效益     

基于扩散模式反演的橡胶轮胎制造行业VOCs排放特征

选取我国华北地区某轮胎制造企业为研究对象,针对其挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放,开展了VOCs外场观测试验,并通过ISC3模式反演获得该企业VOCs排放源强.观测结果表明,厂外上风向背景点和下风向受体点之间存在显著的VOCs浓度差异和化学组分差异. 20种潜在排放污染物在背景点和受体点TVOCs浓度平均值分别为53. 8μg·m~(-3)和127. 5μg·m~(-3),背景点化合物以丙烷(7. 2μg·m~(-3))、丙酮(7. 5μg·m~(-3))、壬醛(12. 7μg·m~(-3))、丁烷(4. 9μg·m~(-3))和乙醛(2. 7μg·m~(-3))为主;受体点化合物以壬醛(43. 5μg·m~(-3))、丙烷(11. 4μg·m~(-3))、乙醛(7. 4μg·m~(-3))、己烷(11. 9μg·m~(-3))和丁烷(7. 3μg·m~(-3))为主.背景点和受体点VOCs差异(Δc)为该企业潜在排放的VOCs贡献,以烷烃(31. 39%)和含氧挥发性有机物(33. 15%)为主.继而,本文利用ISC3模式,基于观测期间气象条件,获得了每次试验每个受体点的浓度与源强的关系系数,并基于该关系系数计算了该企业的VOCs排放源强.反演结果显示,该橡胶轮胎制造厂VOCs年排放量平均值为(152. 8±188. 2) t,以壬醛、甲苯、正己烷、丙烷和苯为主,折合VOCs排放因子约每条轮胎101. 9 g.本文反算的排放因子与AP42接近,远低于我国推荐的排放因子数值.以此排放因子计算,当前我国轮胎制造行业VOCs排放量约为62. 13 kt·a~(-1),主要分布在山东省28. 70 kt·a~(-1)和江浙沪地区20. 5 kt·a~(-1),该行业VOCs排放对O3存在较为重要的贡献,其臭氧生成潜势约为130. 87 kt·a~(-1),而对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势较小,仅为0. 86 kt·a~(-1).     

浙江省汽车整车制造行业挥发性有机物产排污系数

选取了浙江省内4家典型汽车整车制造企业进行调研,并对其中的两家企业开展了实地监测,通过分析生产工艺及其所使用的主要原辅材料,确定了该行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要产生和排放环节,计算了浙江省汽车整车制造行业的挥发性有机物产生和排放系数,估算了2017年全省汽车整车制造行业的VOCs产生和排放量.结果表明,浙江省汽车整车制造业的VOCs主要产生及排放环节为涂装工序;现阶段浙江省内仅有部分汽车整车制造企业对喷漆废气进行了高效处理;除涂料外,溶剂型清洗剂也是该行业VOCs的主要来源之一.计算得出的浙江省汽车整车制造业的VOCs产生系数为0.20 t·t^-1、 3.92 kg·辆^-1和29.36 g·m^-2,排放系数为0.13 t·t^-1、 2.63 kg·辆^-1和19.72 g·m^-2;2017年全省汽车整车制造行业的VOCs产生量为2 425.84 t,排放量为1 627.54 t.     

Assessing the effectiveness of integrating ergonomics and sustainability: a case study of a Mexican maquiladora

In 2015, the United Nations defined sustainable industrialization as one of 17 sustainable development goals. In this article, an analysis is performed to assess the opportunities for ergonomics to contribute toward sustainability in the manufacturing industry. To that effect, a case study was carried out in a maquiladora of electronic components in the northwestern region of Mexico. The investigation was developed in four stages: (a) diagnosis; (b) planning; (c) implementations; (d) verification of results. Barriers found during each stage are presented. Finally, a discussion of the obtained results is provided, and areas of opportunity for programs or actions to prevent health risks are identified.     

A framework of enabler’s relationship for implementation of green manufacturing in Indian context

This study aims to recognize and select the appropriate strategy for implementing green manufacturing (GM) in Indian manufacturing industry by developing an instrument which could measure the progress of an organization towards the GM philosophy. This study identifies and analyses the key enablers behind the successful achievement of environmental sustainability in Indian manufacturing industry. Based on extensive literature review and discussions with experts, the critical success factors (CSFs) of GM have been identified. After examining the internal consistency of enablers, weightage is identified for finalizing the priority by analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The pairwise comparison method of AHP identified that top management commitment, green procurement practices and societal concern for protection of natural environment art the most important enablers, and competitiveness and availability of clean technology have comparatively less importance for the studied manufacturing industries. The purpose of this paper is to rank the enablers on identified weightage and develop the framework for offering the useful insights and guides about how industries should link CSFs of GM to improve the environmental and operational performance.     

家具企业挥发性有机物排放特征及其环境影响

家具制造业是典型的高污染低附加值、工艺相对落后、污染治理水平低和挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放较为严重的行业,是我国VOCs防治的重点行业.本文以典型家具制造企业为研究对象,开展家具制造业VOCs排放特征和环境影响研究,获取了典型企业VOCs排放浓度水平和成分谱,分析了家具制造业VOCs的环境影响.结果表明,封边、底漆、底色、面漆和晾干等车间VOCs浓度范围为9. 18～181. 58 mg·m-3,处理设施出口VOCs浓度为30. 64～155. 94 mg·m-3,处理效率为7. 43%～67. 14%;车间主要VOCs物种为芳香烃、酯类和醛酮类物质;排气筒主要VOCs物种为酯类和芳香烃,其次为烷烃类物质;行业主要VOCs物质为乙酸仲丁酯、甲苯、间-二甲苯、甲缩醛和乙苯等.车间和排气筒VOCs平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分别为258. 01 mg·m-3和289. 14 mg·m-3,平均二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP)分别为148. 66 mg·m-3和165. 31 mg·m-3,各排放环节中对OFP和SOAFP贡献最大的皆为芳香烃类物质,封边车间的OFP和SOAFP较大,应加强控制.车间边界VOCs中主要恶臭物质为乙酸仲丁酯、间-二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、对-二甲苯、乙苯、1-乙基-3-甲基苯、邻-二甲苯和甲苯,厂界VOCs几乎不产生恶臭污染.建议有针对性地加强芳香烃和酯类物质的控制.     

Research evolution on intelligentized technologies for arc welding process

This paper presents some new evolutions of research works in the IRWTL at SJTU on intelligentized technologies for arc welding dynamic process and robot systems, including multi-information sensing of arc welding process, such as characteristic extraction of weld pool image, voltage, current, and sound, arc-spectral features; multi-information fusion algorithms for prediction of weld penetration; intelligentized modeling of welding dynamic process; intelligent control methodology for welding dynamic process; intelligentized technologies for robotic welding, such as guiding and tracking seam technology and intelligent control of weld pool and penetration in robotic welding process; and development of autonomous welding robot system for the special environment. The ideas of intelligentized welding manufacturing technology (IWMT) and intelligentized welding manufacturing engineering (IWME) are presented in this paper for systematization of intending researches and applications on intelligentized technologies for modern welding manufacturing. The studies of intelligentized welding presented in this paper establish the foundation work of intending researches and applications on intelligentized technologies for modern welding manufacturing.     

The development of a novel process planning algorithm for an unconstrained hybrid manufacturing process

The application of state of the art manufacturing processes has always been constrained by the capabilities either from technical limitations such as limited materials and complex part geometries or production costs. As a result, hybrid manufacturing processes – where varied manufacturing operations are carried out – are emerging as a potential evolution for current manufacturing technologies. However, process planning methods capable of effectively utilising manufacturing resources for hybrid processes are currently limited. In this paper, a hybrid process, entitled iAtractive, combining additive, subtractive and inspection processes, along with part specific process planning is proposed. The iAtractive process aims to accurately manufacture complex geometries without being constrained by the capability of individual additive and subtractive processes. This process planning algorithm enables a part to be manufactured taking into consideration, process capabilities, production time and material consumption. This approach is also adapted for the remanufacture of existing parts. Four test parts have been manufactured from zero and existing parts, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed hybrid process and the process planning algorithm.     

产品设计模具制造及并行工程

为快速响应市场,实现并行工程方法是企业增强竞争力的一种策略和途径。文中概述了在产品设计和模具制造中，实现并行工程方法应创造的技术支持环境和管理基础。     

Design for optimal quality by recycling returned products

For many manufacturers, the cost of replacing returned products may more than offset the cost of producing parts with a higher quality. This is especially true if good parts from returned products are used to remanufacture aftermarket products. Furthermore, such policy allows for satisfying a customer population with a variable expectation for acceptable quality. In this study, the total cost of supplying a given demand is derived as an analytical function of the targeted primary production rate and product quality when the demand is satisfied with a combination of primary and remanufactured products. The decision variables of this function consist of the primary production rate and the designed product and production quality. This cost is then minimised to determine the production rate and the optimum quality to target. A numerical example is provided and used to demonstrate the application of this function. This example also demonstrates the use of the proposed solution for optimising quality when there is a limit on primary production size. The example also demonstrates the use of the function for optimising service levels. The results show a close match between the theoretical functions developed in this study and those obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation model.