鲨鱼皮微复制技术在抗菌防护领域中的应用研究

生物制造工程是在生命科学和仿生学基础上建立起来的前沿科技,通过基因复制、生物去除、生物生长、生物约束等方法将生物体特质直接复制到模具上,从而赋予产品特定的使用功能。本文通过对鲨鱼皮肤的分析论述了其抗菌机理以及利用生物约束成型技术将新鲜鲨鱼皮微结构复制到模具上的工艺流程。     

中和-氧化-絮凝调节法处理硫酸废水

从技术经济角度分析探讨了含砷硫酸生产废水的中和 氧化 絮凝调节法处理工艺的可行性。结果表明 ,处理这类废水 ,所用中和剂和氧化剂分别以废氨水和双氧水为佳 ,并针对废水本身的理化特性进行絮凝调节法深度处理 ,效果明显 ,工艺流程简便可行 ,具有显著的环境和经济效益     

腈纶废水深度处理中试研究

腈纶废水是典型的难降解、高氨氮废水。为评价电化学氧化法对腈纶废水深度处理的实际运行效果,通过建立腈纶废水处理中试装置,考察了其对经AO生物处理后腈纶废水中COD、氨氮、总氮、BOD5等污染物的去除效果,分析了其运行能耗。结果表明:电化学氧化中试装置对经生物处理后腈纶废水中COD去除率为39.2%。稳定运行后,该装置对废水中氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为100%与75.1%。经电化学氧化处理后,废水中的COD、氨氮浓度达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求。电化学氧化处理不能显著提高腈纶废水的可生化性。     

Do environmental regulations disproportionately affect small businesses? Evidence from the Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey

This paper examines whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. We consider the net effect of statutory, enforcement, and compliance asymmetries by estimating the relationship between plant size and pollution abatement expenditures, using establishment-level data on U.S. manufacturers from the Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey and from its Annual Survey of Manufactures and Census of Manufactures. We model establishments' pollution abatement operating costs (PAOC) per unit of economic activity as a function of establishment size, industry, state, and year. Our results show that PAOC intensity increases with establishment and firm size.     

典型非金属矿物制造工艺过程源成分谱特征

鉴于我国缺乏非金属矿物制品工艺过程源成分谱(源谱)现状,采用稀释通道系统于2017年2～6月采集了玻璃制造、陶瓷制造和砖瓦制造共6个非金属矿物制品企业排放的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样品,对样品中的50种化学组分进行分析,构建相应的源谱,并对其特征进行研究.结果表明,玻璃制造源谱中以Na元素为主(质量分数介于9. 2%～18. 5%之间),陶瓷制造源谱中以Al、Si、Ca和Fe等地壳元素为主(质量分数在1. 7%～8. 7%之间),耐火砖和页岩砖源谱则是以SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+等水溶性离子为主,SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+质量分数分别介于36. 9%～48. 1%和7. 7%～17. 0%之间.不同企业因燃料类型、脱硫脱硝除尘方式不同会对源谱中的化学组分产生影响.源谱之间的分歧系数(CD)显示除页岩砖制造外,其余源谱2种粒径之间均较为相似,同粒径不同源谱间均存在差异,浮法玻璃与药用玻璃之间和2个陶瓷企业之间的CD值相对较小.使用R/U值比较源谱间不同组分的差异识别出Na和As元素可作为玻璃制造的标识组分,陶瓷制造可用Al和Ti来识别,NO_3~-和NH_4~+区分耐火砖,SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+识别页岩砖.     

变色酸比色法测定甲胺生产废水中甲醇

建立了变色酸比色测定甲胺生产废水中甲醇的方法,确定了最大吸收波长,优化了试验条件。方法在0mg／L-7．00mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0．07mg／L,标准溶液测定的RSD≤0．9％,废水样品的加标回收率为98．8％-101％。     

Manufacturing SMEs doing it for themselves: developing,testing and piloting an online sustainability and eco-innovation toolkit for SMEs

ABSTRACT

Public discourse frequently cites the damaging activities of large organisations on global environmental issues, but smaller organisations are rarely, if ever, featured. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) make up 99% of all businesses in the EU, cumulatively causing more industrial pollution and producing more waste than larger businesses. However, large companies are more likely to address sustainability issues than smaller ones. SMEs need help to change. In a collaborative approach, an online sustainability framework was developed to overcome the barriers contributing to the slow uptake in environmental management in SMEs. The views of owner-managers were incorporated throughout the development process. Best practice environmental tools and training were identified, which were designed in an SME-friendly way and made available online. This paper describes the development of the pilot Sustainability and Eco-Innovation (SEco) toolkit, followed by an analysis of its use. This research finds that a self-led toolkit was not enough to nudge SMEs to address environmental issues, despite being approved by owner-managers at each step.     

Green Lean Six Sigma implementation framework: a case of reducing graphite and dust pollution

ABSTRACT

Modern organisations are in search of initiatives which will enable them to be sustainable as well as gain a competitive advantage. Lean, Six Sigma and Green initiatives are some of the widely used tools which aid the organisation to be sustainable. Recent studies have suggested that the integration of Green and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) will create a powerful methodology and help organisations to be sustainable. Yet, many organisations have found it difficult due to the lack of a generic implementation framework, which can be used for any processes and cultural context. The purpose of this study is to answer the research question: how to implement a sustainable Green LSS initiative in the organisation. Through a critical analysis of previous literature, an implementation framework is developed and practically implemented through a case study to reduce the graphite and dust pollution in a mine in India. Within case analysis, it is conducted to develop propositions, future research directions and managerial implications. This is a first study to develop and practically test a generic implementation Green LSS framework.     

Effects of fishing rope strength on the severity of large whale entanglements

Entanglement in fixed fishing gear affects whales worldwide. In the United States, deaths of North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have exceeded management limits for decades. We examined live and dead whales entangled in fishing gear along the U.S. East Coast and the Canadian Maritimes from 1994 to 2010. We recorded whale species, age, and injury severity and determined rope polymer type, breaking strength, and diameter of the fishing gear. For the 132 retrieved ropes from 70 cases, tested breaking strength range was 0.80–39.63 kN (kiloNewtons) and the mean was 11.64 kN (SD 8.29), which is 26% lower than strength at manufacture (range 2.89–53.38 kN, mean = 15.70 kN [9.89]). Median rope diameter was 9.5 mm. Right and humpback whales were found in ropes with significantly stronger breaking strengths at time of manufacture than minke whales (Balaenoptera acuturostrata) (19.30, 17.13, and 10.47 mean kN, respectively). Adult right whales were found in stronger ropes (mean 34.09 kN) than juvenile right whales (mean 15.33 kN) and than all humpback whale age classes (mean 17.37 kN). For right whales, severity of injuries increased since the mid 1980s, possibly due to changes in rope manufacturing in the mid 1990s that resulted in production of stronger ropes at the same diameter. Our results suggest that broad adoption of ropes with breaking strengths of ≤7.56 kN (≤1700 lbsf) could reduce the number of life‐threatening entanglements for large whales by at least 72%, and yet could provide sufficient strength to withstand the routine forces involved in many fishing operations. A reduction of this magnitude would achieve nearly all the mitigation legally required for U.S. stocks of North Atlantic right and humpback whales. Ropes with reduced breaking strength should be developed and tested to determine the feasibility of their use in a variety of fisheries.     

Dynamic stock and end-of-life flow identification based on the internal cycle model and mean-age monitoring

Planning of end-of-life (EoL) product take-back systems and sizing of dismantling and recycling centers, entails the EoL flow (EoLF) that originates from the product dynamic stock (DS). Several uncertain factors (economic, technological, health, social and environmental) render both the EoLF and the remaining stock uncertain. Early losses of products during use due to biodegradation, wear and uncertain factors such as withdrawals and exports of used, may diminish the stock and the EoLF. Life expectancy prediction methods are static, ignoring early losses and inapt under dynamic conditions. Existing dynamic methods, either consider a single uncertain factor (e.g. GDP) approximately or heuristically modelled and ignore other factors that may become dominant, or assume cognizance of DS and of the center axis of the EoL exit distribution that are unknown for most products. As a result, reliable dynamic EoLF prediction for both durables and consumer end-products is still challenging. The present work develops an identification method for estimating the early loss and DS and predicting the dynamic EoLF, based on available input data (production + net imports) and on sampled measurements of the stock mean-age and the EoLF mean-age. The mean ages are scaled quantities, slowly varying, even under dynamic conditions and can be reliably determined, even from small size and/or frequent samples. The method identifies the early loss sequence, as well as the center axis and spread of the EoL exit distribution, which are subsequently used to determine the DS and EoLF profiles, enabling consistent and reliable predictions.