北京市家具生产企业职业危害抽样调查

本文从北京市家具生产企业最多的区县中,有针对性地选择其中的18家企业进行现场抽样调查,并对其中的11家进行现场检测,研究北京市家具生产企业职业危害现状,通过现场调查和检测结果表明:北京市家具生产企业的管理者对职业危害的重视程度有所提高,但是从业者的自我保护意识仍然淡漠;生产环境不令人满意,作业场所粉尘超标严重;毒物浓度得到较好控制,主要毒物为苯及苯的同系物。该研究可为有关管理部门制定管理政策提供依据。     

流程制造业与循环经济

阐述了发展循环经济的意义与循环经济的内涵,提出技术-经济及时空因素的集成与协调是推进循环经济的有效手段。在我国实现新型工业化的过程中,流程制造业既是支柱产业、基础产业,也是推进循环经济的重要切入点。     

卷烟制造的碳排放核算研究

基于ISO14064-l标准和IPCC 2006理论,构建了卷烟制造过程的碳排放模型,并对广州、韶关、梅州和湛江4家卷烟厂进行了碳排放核算分析,结果表明:(1)万支卷烟碳排放随着卷烟产量的提高而降低;(2)C02是卷烟厂最主要的碳排放来源;(3)外购电力和固定燃烧产生的碳排放是卷烟厂最主要的碳排放源;(4)卷接包、锅炉、制丝3个工艺段产生的碳排放最多;(5)耗能设备中空调系统产生了最多的外购电力碳排放,同时因蒸汽使用造成了最多的固定燃烧碳排放.     

Application of environmentally conscious manufacturing strategies for an automotive component

Application of appropriate environmentally conscious manufacturing strategies enables the sustainable development of products and processes. Automotive component manufacturers recognise the potential of applying appropriate strategies for attaining Triple Bottom Line benefits. In this context, three strategies such as eco-efficiency, waste minimisation and material efficiency are being applied to minimise environmental impacts associated with the manufacture of automotive products and its associated processes. A case study of an automotive component manufacturing firm has been exemplified. After conducting the study, the potential environmental impact was reduced by 20% and eco-efficiency was improved by 13%. Further, improvements have been observed in terms of overall resource consumption and material efficiency. The overall power consumption was reduced by 18% and weight of the component was reduced by 11%. The study aimed at improving the sustainable performance of product by incorporating green and environmentally friendlier manufacturing practices.

Abbreviations: USEPA: United Nations Environmental Protection Agency; OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; WBCSD: World Business Council for Sustainable Development; Eco-QFD: Environmental Quality Function Deployment; WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development; LCA: Life Cycle Assessment     

生态保护补偿政策能否促进企业高质量发展——来自黄河流域制造业的经验证据

黄河流域环境污染与高质量发展已成为当前国内关注的重要问题,我国为应对黄河流域生态恶化带来的挑战制定了一系列环保政策。本文立足生态补偿政策并构建准自然实验,以 2005-2019年黄河流域 A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,运用多期双重差分法实证检验生态保护补偿政策对黄河流域制造业高质量发展的影响。研究发现:生态保护补偿政策的实施促进了黄河流域制造业高质量发展水平的提高且存在明显的区域异质性和产权异质性,具体表现在对黄河流域上游和国有企业制造业高质量发展促进作用明显高于中下游地区和非国有企业。社会责任承担和政府补助增加是生态保护补偿政策推进黄河流域制造业高质量发展的重要方式,上述研究结论在经过 PSM-DID、更换被解释变量、安慰剂检验后仍然具有稳健性。研究全面考虑了生态保护补偿政策在流域内不同区域发挥作用的渠道,有利于充分发挥生态保护补偿政策在黄河流域生态治理和高质量发展中的功效。     

Influence of manufacturing process on the residues of certain fungicides used on tea

Green tea shoots which were sprayed with fungicides such as hexaconazole, propiconazole, carbendazim, and tridemorph were collected from tea bushes after 24 h of fungicide application to study the effect of manufacturing process on the residues. Significant loss of residues was noted at each stage of the manufacturing process. The total loss in residues upon manufacturing of these fungicides ranged from 12.20% to 57.14%. Among the various influential factors that determine the loss of residues, vapor pressure of the fungicides was most prominent in the contribution to residue loss. A high vapor pressure of the fungicide tridemorph amounted to a residue loss of 57.14%, while the low vapor pressure of the other three fungicides caused a loss of less than 22.22%.     

Occupational exposure to airborne aromatic amines in rubber manufacturing: Determination by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Aromatic amines (AAs) are used in a variety of chemical industries and consequently they are the object of great attention in occupational hygiene owing to the carcinogenic effects that many of them have shown. This work outlines a procedure for the determination of occupational exposure to airborne AAs in the rubber industry and the application of this method in a tyre manufacturing plant using p‐phenylenediamines as antiozonants. Samples were collected on a glass fibre filter followed by a silica gel tube and analyzed by GC‐MS/SIM using a capillary column coated with methyl silicone. p‐Phenylendiamines and other AAs probably formed as thermodegradation products were found in concentrations of up to 10 μg/m³ during rubber vulcanization.     

Sustainability in manufacturing processes: practices performed in metal forming,casting, heat treatment,welding and electrostatic painting

ABSTRACT

This article aims to list the main sustainable practices developed in the processes of metal forming, casting, heat treatment, welding and electrostatic painting. When analysed the literature about sustainable manufacturing, a predominance of studies about machining is observed and the processes mentioned are few explored in academic studies. The research strategy used to reach the objective was systematic literature review, conducted for each process cited. Many sustainable practices were identified with prominence of better materials use and energy efficiency. The authors of this article believe that the information presented here can be useful for researches in their future studies and for industry professionals interested in improving manufacturing processes.     

Risk Factors to Musculoskeletal Disorders and Anthropometric Measurements of Filipino Manufacturing Workers

This study looked into the risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 workers were surveyed. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, affectation in activities of daily living was seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk and low back pain was experienced by 23.8%. Odds ratio results (p = .05) showed that it is 29 times likely for workers to develop low back pain when they stand for 2-8 hrs a day than when they sit all the time. Anthropometry can be used for the design ofworkstations and work furniture.     

Applying 3DCE to environmentally responsible manufacturing practices

A review of recent literature in the fields of operations, supply chain, and management indicates there is on-going interest in improving new product development (NPD) performance. Three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3DCE), the simultaneous design of product, process and supply chain have been proposed as a way to improve traditional NPD outcomes, such as reduced time to market, lower costs, and improved customer acceptance. There appears to be a lesser concern associated with the environmental impacts of new products. Environmentally responsible manufacturing (ERM) on new product development focuses on reduced emissions, hazardous materials elimination, and lower product weight without sacrificing functionality. This paper explores the following issue: will employing 3DCE to integrate NPD and ERM yield better benefits than the separate and uncoordinated application of environmental goals and NPD initiatives?