污水处理构筑物结构方案优化与工程造价经济指标分析

污水处理构筑物如储液池结构设计比较复杂,造价较高,应对其结构型式进行多方案比较及优化,其优化的结果在工程造价方面应得到较好的经济指标。     

热带森林-砂仁生态系统可持续性的环境经济学分析

以曼么村为例 ,从环境经济学的观点出发 ,对热带森林 -砂仁生态系统的可持续性从经济及环境、生态等方面进行了分析。发现种植砂仁后 ,砂仁的经济效益的递增率不如资源环境成本的递增率快。生态环境的破坏 ,大大降低了砂仁的产量 ,从而更使得种植砂仁的经济效益停滞不前。由砂仁的外延式生产转为内涵式生产 ,采用轮作的经营方式 ,能很好地实现砂仁的持续种植     

防灾工程项目评估的基本问题

在分析防灾工作项目特点的项目上,提出了防灾工程项目评估的基本原则,对并防灾工程项目效益和费用的确认与计量问题进行讨论,为进一步研究防灾工程项目评估理论和方法奠定了基础。     

我国废电子产品处理技术及运行成本分析

通过研究分析国内外废电子电器产品处理技术,结合我国废电子产品处理技术现状,提出在我国合理适用的废电子产品处理工艺路线,并核算其运行成本.     

基于“可持续性”要素的比较优势理论拓展

比较优势是不同国家生产同种产品的机会成本差异。传统理论认为,形成比较优势的机会成本主要为生产成本,而"可持续性"是一种代际公共品,耗费"可持续性"要素的机会成本是代际成本,即现在使用某(些)要素所放弃的未来使用之可能带来的纯收益。因此,不同国家的可持续性差异体现为代际成本差异,"可持续性"是塑造一国比较优势的新要素。若中国对外贸易过度依靠当代所具有的劳动力价格低廉和环境规制政策宽松所塑造的劳动力比较优势和环境比较优势,从长期看是不可持续的。通过代际成本内在化,可逐步实现对外贸易发展的短期理性与长期理性的统一。进而言之,中国需要妥善处理贸易增长与各种稀缺要素消耗之间的关系,平衡贸易增长与可持续发展的关系,当今的贸易与未来的贸易需寻求某种总量和结构上的均衡。     

基于价值创造的环境管理理论研究

环境问题已经成为当今重要课题,企业是环境问题的产生与解决方案的重要参与者,环境管理并不意味着企业的经济效益的下降,或者说企业价值的降低。基于价值创造的环境管理理论告诉我们,环境绩效可以增加财务绩效,环境的投入可以创造价值。当企业认识到环境问题的经济价值的时候,有助于企业加强环境管理,实现环境与财务的双赢。     

Residential Water Demand Management: Lessons from Aurora,Colorado1

Abstract: Residential water demand is a function of several factors, some of which are within the control of water utilities (e.g., price, water restrictions, rebate programs) and some of which are not (e.g., climate and weather, demographic characteristics). In this study of Aurora, Colorado, factors influencing residential water demand are reviewed during a turbulent drought period (2000‐2005). Findings expand the understanding of residential demand in at least three salient ways: first, by documenting that pricing and outdoor water restriction policies interact with each other ensuring that total water savings are not additive of each program operating independently; second, by showing that the effectiveness of pricing and restrictions policies varies among different classes of customers (i.e., low, middle, and high volume water users) and between predrought and drought periods; and third, in demonstrating that real‐time information about consumptive use (via the Water Smart Reader) helps customers reach water‐use targets.     

Transaction Costs Economics of Irreplaceability: <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex ante</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex post</Emphasis> Evaluation of Conservation Networks’ Vulnerability to Environmental Shocks

The theoretical concept, “asset specificity,” is applied to real data in the context of Danish nature conservation network planning in order to produce illustrative examples of an economic measure of the network’s vulnerability to exogenous shocks to the species composition. Three different measures of asset specificity are quantified from the shadow value of eliminating a key species from the individual grid cells. This represents a novel approach and a different interpretation of the term, as it is conventionally used as a qualitative indicator in the transaction cost economics literature. Apart from supplementing existing cost measures with an indicator of risk associated with investments in protected areas, this study demonstrates how the estimation and interpretation of various asset specificity measures for geographical areas may qualify policy makers’ choice of policy instrument in conservation planning. This differs from the more intuitive approach of basing policy instrument choice solely on the rarity of the species in a given area.     

产品结构造型设计的可回收性分析

可回收性设计作为绿色设计的核心内容之一,是一种再生设计。以产品的可回收性为切入点,着重分析产品的回收成本与回收价值、回收结构造型的设计特点以及回收设计的时机周期,为优化产品的结构造型设计,提升产品的回收价值提供支持。     

附加环境因素:传统比较优势理论的扩展

在李嘉圈模型中，若将环境成本用追加的劳动投入来衡量。可以发现，环境成本的引入将修正传统的比较优势格局。在H-O模型中耐加环境因素，亦即假定环境作为一种生产要搴而起作用。则所形成的比较优势将建立在包含环境要素真实价格的基础之上。本文最后指出，环境要素的真实价格与现实价格的脱离，使“显示的比较优势”有可能与真实的比较优势发生偏离。从而损害效率与公平。