基于扎根理论的矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别

为了减少矿工不安全行为的发生,以陕西煤业化工集团神南矿业公司为研究样本,基于扎根理论对矿工不安全行为成本和矿工不安全行为收益进行识别,通过实地访谈收集资料,将访谈内容进行编码处理,建立矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别的概念模型,并以此构建矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别的动态模型图;最后,通过模型理论饱和度检验,证明模型中展现的脉络关系是饱和的。研究结果表明:矿工自身的安全意识、人口统计特征因素及情景因素,对矿工不安全行为成本和收益有着重要影响;风险成本、预备成本和实施成本构成矿工不安全行为成本,精神收益和物质收益构成矿工不安全行为收益。     

建立和完善物流成本核算规范体系

降低物流成本，提高物流效益是现代物流的目标。建立科学规范的物流成本核算体系，是实现这一目标的先决条件和基础性工作。针对我国物流成本核算方面落后的现状，借鉴物流管理先进国家经验，制定我国物流成本核算规范，保证企业物流成本核算有据可依，有章可循。     

POINT‐NONPOINT SOURCE WATER QUALITY TRADING: A CASE STUDY IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Contrary to the general trend of only a few actual trades occurring within point‐nonpoint source water quality trading programs in the United States, two trading projects in the Minnesota River Basin, created under the provisions of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, have generated five major trades and numerous smaller ones. In this paper, these two projects are described to illustrate their origins, implementation, and results. It was found that several factors contributed to the relatively high number of trades in these projects, including the offsetting nature of the projects (hence a fixed number of credits that the point sources were required to obtain), readily available information on potential nonpoint source trading partners, and an effectively internal trading scheme used by one of the two projects. It was also found that long term structural pollution control measures, such as streambank stabilization, offered substantial cost savings over point source controls. Estimates of transaction costs showed that the total costs of the trading projects were increased by at least 35 percent after transaction costs were taken into account. Evidence also showed that in addition to pollution reduction, these two trading projects brought other benefits to the watershed, such as helping balance environmental protection and regional economic growth.     

危险废物管理系统的优化

危险废物管理系统的规划和设计包括处理和处置设施的选择、危险废物的分配、废物残渣从产生地运往处理处置点运输路线的选择等。在考虑了不同危险废物的不同特征、不同废物间的相容性、废物与处理技术的相容性、废物处置设施产生的废物残渣和选址问题等,基于多目标整数规划方法,提出了危险废物管理系统的优化模型。其中,经济目标包括运输费用、处理与处置成本、处理废物经济效益,环境目标包括处理设施总的环境影响、运输过程的环境影响,并从经济和环境影响方面,提出了一个综合考虑了费用和环境影响相关目标的复合效用函数。所提出的危险废物管理系统优化模型对我国区域性危险废物管理提供理论参考。     

污水处理工程中节能问题的探讨

人们在污水处理厂的建设中对污水处理工艺的先进性、可靠性以及工程投资大小考虑较多，而对污水处理厂建成后的运营管理考虑较少，因而造成许多污水处理厂建成后由于运营成本过高不能正常运行。从能耗角度出发，分析造成运行成本高的主要原因以及相应采取的措施。     

基于CES生产函数的企业安全投资决策方法研究

在分析当前我国安全投资决策研究基础上,讨论安全投资的边际效益理论,并利用其确定安全投资总量的合理值。利用不变替代弹性(CES)生产函数建立安全投入产出效益函数,反映安全投资结构对安全产出的影响,通过模型求解得到企业安全资源分配的优化结构和投资额。按边际效益理论和安全投资效益模型将有限的资源科学地配置到安全生产过程中去,有利于节约资本,实现安全效益最大化。     

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Economic Values of Recreational Power Boating Resources in Pennsylvania

/ The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic value of seven major power boating resources in Pennsylvania. A significant relationship between number of visitor trips and cost per visitor trip existed for five of the seven water bodies. The annual total value for those five resources was $396 million, which was 2.5 times greater than the total out-of-pocket expenditures of approximately $157 million visitors spent to visit them. Research results can help resource managers plan and craft programs and policies that are founded on economic values of the natural resources involved.     

我国排污收费制度及其价格体系的改革

目前,我国现行的单因子超标排污收费制度及其价格体系已不能适应现有的体制变化和日益发展的环境管理需要。本文阐述了尽快建立一个与当今市场机制相适应的、适合我国总量控制要求的多因子收费制度的重要性、迫切性与可行性,实现污染者直接承担其污染行为的全部责任;提出了制定动态、有效的收费价格体系的改革原则、构想与方法。     

Changing Role of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Rural Household Economy: The Case of Sinharaja World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka

This paper examines the modified patterns of utilizing non-timber forest products (NTFP) and associated behavioral changes around tropical forest areas in the context of conservation-related objectives and other commercially driven objectives. Our study introduces a conceptual framework based on the household production theory and tests empirically the hypotheses drawn at Sinharaja World Heritage in Sri Lanka. The results show that conditions introduced by forest conservation programs and the spread of small-scale commercial tea cultivation are transforming the economy around Sinharaja. The process is an economically rational one where resident communities decide upon their actions based on the opportunity cost of time involved with NTFP in the absence of observable prices. Although the process, overall, has led to a decline in the role of NTFP in the household economy, its impact over different NTFP are not uniform, leaving sustained demand for certain NTFP. This situation calls for a multifaceted approach in forest management programs to address the various household needs fulfilled by NTFP-based activities.     

A cost analysis technique for research management and design

A classic research approach is to optimize experimental design and available resources. However, that approach does not guarantee that results will be useful. This article takes the view that research should not be undertaken unless there is assurance that final results will be significant to a level specified before any work is begun. Given that assurance, the relationship between cost and statistical significance is explored, a new approach to optimization s developed, and the use of models in research design is considered.