Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - Principles and Purposes -

A voluntary programme on risk assessment for chlorinated chemicals was initiated by Euro Chlor (the European Chlorine Producers Federation). The study was targeted on the marine environment, starting with the North Sea, and the methodology used was based on the European Union risk assessment principles. Details of the method used are described in this paper. A first set of five compounds is published in this special issue: chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene.     

上海海洋经济发展战略

在沿海各国和地区都高度重视发展海洋经济的背景下,研究上海海洋经济发展战略,对进一步推进上海海洋经济发展,建设“海洋强市”具有重要的意义。开发海洋、发展海洋经济是提升上海国际竞争力,促进社会经济可持续发展,更好地服务于长江三角洲、长江流域乃至全国以及保障城市、国家安全的战略需要。目前,上海海洋经济的发展面临着一系列问题、困难和瓶颈制约,主要表现为：海洋产业结构有待优化提升;海陆互动机制有待进一步完善;河口岛屿资源开发利用程度严重不足;海洋生态环境保护与可持续发展形势依然严峻;海洋科技自主创新能力不强,科技资源亟需开发与整合。因此,从转变思想,树立海洋兴市的战略意识;整体规划,重点布局;产业升级,结构优化;海洋经济发展重在创新;大力发展岛屿经济;注重海洋生态保护与可持续发展7方面,提出了上海发展海洋经济的战略和重点。     

海洋溶解有机物荧光特征研究进展

20世纪90年代以来,三维荧光光谱技术的应用促进了海洋溶解有机物荧光特性研究的飞速发展,本文对海洋溶解有机物荧光的类型、荧光峰的位置、荧光效率、荧光定性定量,以及荧光与浮游植物增殖的关系、荧光在河口和大洋区的分布等进行了综述.     

海洋石油污染处理方法优化配置及具体案例应用

海洋石油污染成为海洋污染的主要类型,对海洋水生环境造成了极大的破坏,而溢油成为石油进入海洋的主要方式,如何对溢油事故进行有效的预防和处理成为治理海洋污染的关键所在.本文对当今处理溢油使用的物理法、化学法、自然降解法、生物处理法、燃烧法等进行了介绍,详细考察了各种处理方法的适用条件,以及在限制条件下如何对各种选择方法进行优化组合.文章同时对"11.14"重大船舶溢油污染事故实际案例进行了分析,用优化组合后的方法进行处理,处理效果明显.     

广西近海环境与经济可持续发展水平及协调性分析

通过精心选择泛北部湾经济区广西近岸海域水环境与经济系统指标,采用主成分分析法来计算水环境系统、经济系统的可持续发展水平.结果表明,1996～2005年间,在区域经济取得较快发展的同时,近岸海域水环境质量维持原有较好的质量水平并有所改善;通过计算区域近岸海域海洋环境年均协调系数,泛北部湾经济区广西近岸海域环境与经济发展属于协调类型.     

Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China

In this study sediment samples were collected from 13 sites of Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, sixteen of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed in USEPA were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAH ranged from 774.81 to 255371.91 ng/g dw, and two to four rings of PAHs were dominant in sediment samples. Molecular ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH, were used to study the possible sources of pollution. It indicated a mixed pattern of parolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in sediments in Haihe River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly derived from the leakage of refined products, e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil vehicle traffics or gas stations from urban area. The pyrolytic PAHs might be from the discharge of industrial wastewater and the emission of atmospheric particles from petrochemical factories. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the urban and industrial areas are far beyond the values reported from other rivers and marine systems reported. This situation may be due to polluted discharging from some petrochemical industrial manufactories and worse traffic conditions in Tianjin.     

蒽对二种海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响

研究了多环芳烃（PAHs)－蒽对2种海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,随着蒽浓度的增加,小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻的非酶性系统中的类胡萝卜素（CAR）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量下降,酶性系统中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降,当加入抗氧化剂GSH时,蒽对两种海洋微藻的伤害作得以缓解,说明,蒽使海洋微藻的抗氧化系统破坏,损及体内活性氧化作用,对微藻的膜系统产生伤害。图6参12     

Organotin Compounds and Selected Metals in the Marine Environment of Northern Adriatic Sea

The extent of pollution with organotin compounds and Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, V, Co and Al was investigated in sediments and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Slovenian costal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea. Sampling was performed in Marina Portorož, Dockyard Izola, non exposed area of the Bay of Mesečev zaliv and in Mariculture Sečovlje. Mussels were taken in the summer and winter time, while sediments were collected during the winter sampling. Organotin compounds were determined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and metals by flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracies of the analytical procedures were checked by the analysis of standard reference materials CRM 477 mussel tissue and PACS 2 marine sediment (organotin compounds) and SRM 2976 mussel tissue and CRM 320 river sediment (metals). Good agreements between certified and determined values were obtained. Normalization procedure to Al was applied to estimate the anthropogenic inputs of metals in sediments. The analyses of sediments demonstrated moderate pollution with organotin compounds in Marina Portorož and in Dockyard Izola. Concentrations of tributyltin species were higher than those of dibutyltin and monobutyltin. In mussels substantial contamination with tributyltin was observed in Marina Porotrož and Dockyard Izola. The extent of pollution was higher in the winter time. The analysis of metals in sediments exhibited elevated concentrations in Marina Portorož and Dockyard Izola. Data from the normalization procedure indicated the anthropogenic inputs of Cu, Zn and Cr in Marina Portorož and Mn in Bay of Mesečev zaliv and Dockyard Izola. Mussels, as accumulators of pollutants, in general contained higher metal concentrations during winter time in Dockyard Izola.     

多环芳烃对海洋硅藻中肋骨条藻的光毒性效应

许多生态毒理学研究尤其是对水生生物的毒性研究表明,阳光中的紫外辐射(UV)能够促进多环芳烃的生物毒性. 以长江口浮游植物群落中的常年主要优势种之一——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为实验材料,选择2个环的萘,3个环的菲和蒽,4个环的荧蒽和芘5种寡环多环芳烃,在实验室内比较了它们在没有UV辐射和有UV辐射下对中肋骨条藻的毒性效应. 结果表明:在没有UV照射下,萘、菲、蒽、荧蒽和芘对中肋骨条藻的72 h EC50值分别比有UV照射下时高约1.9,8.4,13.0,6.5和5.7倍,其中蒽相差的倍数最大.在没有UV照射情况下,5种多环芳烃对中肋骨条藻种群生长的抑制作用强度表现为荧蒽>芘>蒽>菲>萘;而当系统中加入UV照射后,毒性强度变为荧蒽≈蒽>芘>菲>萘,表明UV照射不仅能够促进多环芳烃对中肋骨条藻的毒性,也能够改变它们对中肋骨条藻的相对毒性.      

航海技术专业安全管理素质培养方案研究

比较分析了海运物流业的风险程度,指出航海技术专业是隐性的安全工程专业。针对海运物流业对高级船员的“安全管理素质”、“驾驶台安全素质”、“应急反应素质”新需求,指出需用高等工程教育模式替代传统的职业教育模式,采用国际上“回归工程”理念来培养安全管理素质。因而提出了由3个课群构成的安全管理课系,阐述“综合安全管理素质”课群的设计思想,重点给出关键课程《海运安全科学基础》的内容组织和教学要求。研究成果为造就具有自组织自适应能力的海运安全管理素质的高级船员奠定了课系基础和培养机制。