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231.
Christian Riisager-Simonsen Olivia Rendon Anders Galatius Morten Tange Olsen Nicola Beaumont 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1152-1164
The goal of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to support a sustainable and holistic multisectored management approach, and is recognized in a number of international policy frameworks. However, it remains unknown how these goals should be linked to assessments and management plans for marine fauna, such as mammals and fish stocks. It appears particularly challenging to carry out trade-off analyses of various ocean uses without a framework that integrates knowledge of environmental, social, and economic benefits derived from nonstationary marine fauna. We argue this gap can be filled by applying a version of the ecosystem-service approach at the population level of marine fauna. To advance this idea, we used marine mammals as a case study to demonstrate what indicators could operationalize relevant assessments and deliver an evidence base for the presence of ecosystem services and disservices derived from marine mammals. We found indicators covering common ecosystem service categories feasible to apply; examples of indicator data are already available in the literature for several populations. We encourage further exploration of this approach for application to marina fauna and biodiversity management, with the caveat that conceptual tensions related to the use of the ecosystem service concept itself needs to be addressed to ensure acceptance by relevant stakeholders. 相似文献
232.
Megan Rothenberger Andrea Armstrong Trent Gaugler Sarah Massaro William Pfadenhauer Juliana Ventresca 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1560-1570
We devised a practical method for integrating information on 2 marine invasive species using 3 different approaches: standardized ecological monitoring, online-reporting databases, and surveys of anglers and crabbers. Focusing on 2 recently introduced species with different characteristics, the Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) and Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), in the Hudson-Raritan watershed of New York and New Jersey, we used sensitivity analyses to explore the relative contribution of each information source to knowledge of species abundance and distribution. All 3 information sources contributed something unique to understanding abundance and distribution of the introduced crabs. Online and survey data on Asian shore crabs significantly affected predictions of abundance, whereas monitoring data did not. When survey data were omitted, abundance estimates were unchanged over time, but when they were included, the model predicted an increased abundance in 2012. All 3 data sets for the Asian shore crab significantly affected estimates of species coverage; surveys had the biggest influence, increasing range size by 4097.25 km2. For the catadromous Chinese mitten crab, ecological monitoring data collected in freshwater shortly after the original sighting significantly shaped model estimates for abundance and documented the establishment phase of the mitten crab in an area outside the spatial scope of the surveyed resource users. However, the survey data significantly enlarged mitten crab range-size estimates by 6498.01 km2. By demonstrating that data integration produced an image of the invasion process that would not have emerged had we used any 1 method individually, model results provide evidence for the advantages of an interdisciplinary approach. 相似文献
233.
基于船舶AIS数据的船舶废气排放评估计算模型,以高斯烟团扩散模型为核心,结合船舶航行和排放特征,构建移动船舶源排放烟团扩散模型。利用控制变量法,在其他变量参数相同条件下,分别设定不同风向、不同大气稳定度、不同高程平面,仿真模拟航行状态下的船舶排放烟团扩散至空间环境中的质量浓度分布情况,分析船舶在不同环境参数下的扩散特征。结果表明,仿真模拟结果与实际气体空间质量浓度分布情况相符。通过在深圳市盐田港区布设船舶废气排放岸基固定嗅探监测设备,对港区进、离港和过往船舶进行大气污染物排放组分(SO2、CO2、NO、NO2)全天在线实时监测,以SO2作为试验样本气体,船舶排放的SO2排放至监测站的模拟质量浓度与实际监测质量浓度标准误差为19.81%,在合理的误差范围内,验证了船舶废气排放扩散模拟计算方法的科学有效性。 相似文献
234.
The activity of antioxidant enzymes and electrophoretic protein spectra were studied in sand smelt larvae inhabiting from five Sevastopol bays with different degrees of anthropogenic impact. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the heterogeneity of electrophoretic protein spectra proved to increase in the larvae from the most polluted waters. The possibility of using these parameters as biological markers for assessing the influence of pollution on the early stages of fish ontogeny and the marine environment are discussed. 相似文献
235.
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237.
对我国海洋环境监测工作的若干建议 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文在回顾和总结我国海洋环境监测多年成就的基础上,分析了海洋环境质量发展的趋势,指出随着沿海经济及海洋资源开发活动的深入发展,近岸海洋环境将面临的前所未有的压力。为此,未来我国海洋环境监测的重点是近岸水域,尤其是各类入海污染源及其邻近海域,监工作必须由近海向近岸及重点海域转移。 相似文献
238.
厦门海域防控陆源污染的实践与经验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在分析厦门海域主要污染物来源的基础上,总结了厦门市针对不同来源的水污染物开展的治理措施,并重点介绍了厦门市关于化工废水、电镀废水、生活污水和养殖废水的处理与利用的4个典型实例.厦门市在防治陆源污染的实践中,逐渐形成并发挥重要作用的5项机制,即管理机制、组织协调机制、法规保障机制、科技进步机制、经济激励机制. 相似文献
239.
According to the practice researching and formulating “The Oil Spill Contingency Plan of south Chinese Sea”,this paper analyses and discusses the structure,functions and main contents of marine oil spill contingency planning,programs the organizing and commanding system and emergency response system,and advances the planning and researching method to coordinate comprehensively and to design practically the detailed emergency response steps until to formulate the ease operating programs for the plan implementation(PPI) and the PPI to apply high-techniques supporting emergency administrations and response. 相似文献
240.