海洋厌氧氨氧化菌的富集培养及其脱氮特性

采用ASBR厌氧氨氧化反应器,通过接种胶州湾底泥,研究了海洋厌氧氨氧菌的富集培养及其脱氮特性.实验结果表明:海洋厌氧氨氧化菌的富集培养可分为4个阶段:菌体自溶期(1~15 d)、迟滞期(16~152 d)、活性提高期(153~183 d)与稳定运行期(184~192 d).与淡水厌氧氨氧化相比,其迟滞期(137 d)较长,活性提高期(30 d)较短,对基质浓度与HRT的变化更敏感,且由进出水导致的菌活性延迟时间为5 h,远长于淡水厌氧氨氧化菌,因此海洋厌氧氨氧化菌对新环境的适应能力更弱,更难富集培养.经过192 d运行,对NH_4~+-N与NO-2-N的去除率分别达到96.98%与95.66%,三氮转化比n(NH_4~+-N)∶n(NO-2-N)∶n(NO-3-N)为1∶(1.2±0.2)∶(0.22±0.06),接近理论比(1∶1.32∶0.26),NRRNH_4~+-N升至0.080 kg·(m~3·d)-1,海洋厌氧氨氧化菌活性显著提高,这标志着海洋厌氧氨氧化菌富集成功.反应器运行过程中,污泥逐渐由黑色泥状变为砖红色颗粒状,扫描电镜观察,该砖红色颗粒为表面光滑,排列紧密、有类似火山口形状的球状菌相互黏聚而成的菌团.     

利用GIS技术进行海洋环境质量评价的研究

以我国专属经济区生物资源调查为基础,探讨了海洋环境质量评价的GIS方法,建立了应用GIS技术进行海洋生物资源栖息环境质量评价的基本思路和技术流程,提出了相关的评价属性数据库建立的要点,有关指标体系的选取及评价模式作了重点分析,对空间分析算法进行了分析比较。结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地评价海洋生物资源栖息环境质量。     

Marine oil spill contingency planning

According to the practice researching and formulating “The Oil Spill Contingency Plan of south Chinese Sea”,this paper analyses and discusses the structure,functions and main contents of marine oil spill contingency planning,programs the organizing and commanding system and emergency response system,and advances the planning and researching method to coordinate comprehensively and to design practically the detailed emergency response steps until to formulate the ease operating programs for the plan implementation(PPI) and the PPI to apply high-techniques supporting emergency administrations and response.     

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris)作为放射性核素指示物的研究

以大弹涂鱼为对象,模拟其两栖生活的环境,采用示踪法并用S-80智能多道分析器与Ge(Li)探头研究了大弹涂鱼的整体及其组织器官对~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co的富集与排出.探讨了其积累量、残留量与海水中核素浓度的相关性,推荐性腺、肌肉、头部作为监测海洋中~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co污染的生物指示物.     

浙江沿岸海域海洋动物体内的石油烃水平

报道了浙江沿岸32种海洋动物体中的石油烃含量。结果表明，海洋动物体内的石油烃含量明显有软体类＞甲壳类＞鱼类的趋势；海洋动物的石油烃含量还与它们的生活方式有关，其含量有定居性动物＞游泳能力弱动物＞游泳能力强动物的特征；比较了各类海洋动物内石油烃在浙江沿岸不同海域的含量水平，还与国内外其他海域的海洋动物体内的石油烃含量作了比较。     

盘锦市海洋功能区划研究

在全面分析盘锦市海洋资源特点及开发利用中存在的问题，及充分考虑盘锦市未来社会发展需求的基础上，对盘锦海域进行了科学的功能分区，并确定了各功能区的主导功能。这将为盘锦市合理开发利用海洋资源，实现海洋综合管理提供服务，同时也有利于地区经济的持续发展。     

新型的无公害海洋防污涂料

本文概述了海洋防污涂料的发展现状及影响污损生物附着的主要因素,着重论述了低表面自由能材料,吸水性材料的和生化材料等无公害新型防污涂料的防污机制及其试用效果。并指出,开发和应用无锡自抛光涂料和新型低毒防污涂料,这是解决海洋中有机锡污染的近期目标。而刚刚兴起的无公害防污染料尚处在初期研制阶段,其推广应用还需要一个较长时间的发展过程。并且强调应当加强对静,动船舶在苛刻的海洋环境中抗海洋污染生物附着的防污     

西太平洋上空气溶胶的来源及其化学特征的研究

报道了西太平洋海域上空气溶胶的变化情况.尘土粒子的输入量控制着海洋上空气溶胶中元素Al、Fe、Sc、Mn、Co、La、Ce、Eu、Hf、Ta及Th的浓度.相对于海洋和地壳来源的异常富集元素在西太平洋上空气溶胶中富集程度很高.在开阔海域大气中的海盐元素浓度受海盐气溶胶粒子的量所控制,而其它元素则受来自陆地的地壳风化物影响.由于环境污染物的输入.使开阔海域大气的化学组成发生了变化.     

Specificity of Life Conditions for Commercial Invertebrates on Artificial Substrates in the Eutrophicated Amur Bay,the Sea of Japan

The consequences of anthropogenic impact on the water area of Amur Bay (the Sea of Japan) near Vladivostok include the eutrophication of coastal waters and littering with various objects used as artificial substrates, which protect sedentary animals from predators and contribute to the survival of their larvae. An indicator of eutrophication, the diatom Skeletonema costatum accounting for 81–96% of the total abundance of phytoplankton (Stonik and Selina, 1995), is consumed mainly by barnacles and the Pacific oyster. Thus, these animals gain an advantage in the colonization of artificial substrates. The results of the study suggest that eutrophication will lead to changes in the structure of the marine community.     

Microbially Mediated Redox Cycling at the Oxic–Anoxic Boundary in Sediments: Comparison of Animal and Plants Habitats

Microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of transformations that occur in surficial sediments. They are most active at redox boundaries where they can benefit from access to various oxidants and reductants generated during redox cycling events. To illustrate the dynamics of microbially mediated processes, especially those involving sulfur and metal cycles, processes were compared in habitats either bioturbated by a capitellid worm or inhabited by a salt marsh grass. The presence of macrofauna and macroflora greatly altered the three-dimensional array of redox gradients in sediments, but the type and form of reductants and oxidants provided varied greatly; clastic sedimentary infauna subducted solid phase organic material and iron oxides, whereas plant roots released dissolved organic matter and oxygen. These differences resulted in a bioturbated system that exhibited a rapid sulfur cycle (residence time of minutes), but a slower iron cycle (days), whereas vegetation caused a slow sulfur cycle and rapid iron cycle. Alteration of sediments by higher life forms also greatly affected the composition and relative abundances of sedimentary bacteria, even on short time scales. Although redox cycling at interfaces can be somewhat predictable, variations in response to biological and physical perturbations demonstrated wide differences in the dynamics of redox-mediated processes.