Environmental investigation of bio-modification of steel slag through microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Steel slag (SS) is one of byproduct of steel manufacture industry. The environmental concerns of SS may limit their re-use in different applications. The goal of this study was to investigate the leaching behavior of metals from SS before and after treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure and water leaching tests were performed to evaluate the leaching behavior of major elements (Fe, Mg and Ca) and trace elements (Ba, Cu and Mn) in three scenarios. The concentrations of leaching metals increased with the content of SS. After it reached the peak concentration, the leaching concentration decreased with the content of SS. The leachability of all elements concerned in this study was below 0.5%. The carbonate generated from the MICP process contributed to the low leachability of metals. After bio-modified by MICP process, the leaching concentrations of Ba from TCLP, SPLP and WLT tests were below 2.0 mg/L, which was the limit in drinking water regulated by U.S. EPA. The concentrations of Cu leached out from MICP-treated SS-sand samples were below 1.3 mg/L which is the limit regulated by national secondary drinking water. Compared with the regulations of U.S.EPA and Mississippi Department of Environment Quality (MDEQ), MICP-treated samples were classified as non-hazardous materials with respects to the leaching of metals. Meanwhile, maximum contaminant limits regulated by U.S.EPA states that MICP-treated SS are eco-friendly materials that can be reused as construction materials.     

基于小程序的海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务

台风多要素信息及灾情状况是海洋牧场各方急切想掌握的,而应用于海洋牧场灾害预警专报服务还未见报道,基于此开发了海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务小程序.结合wx.request请求获取第三方要素数据与自建云数据库访问灾情数据.搭建海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务的层次结构体系构架,推出海洋牧场气象要素预警预报、海洋牧场水文要素预警...     

海洋菌对甲胺磷农药降解作用的初步研究

从连云港近岸海域分离了10株甲胺磷农药耐药菌。着重研究了菌株B7、B10对甲胺磷农药的降解能力。结果表明,经过12d的培养,菌株B10对甲胺磷的降解率为61.5%,菌株B7的降解率为52.4%;在培养过程中,菌株B10的活菌数量一直高于菌株B7,说明菌株B10比菌株B7更能适应甲胺磷农药。菌株B10利用甲胺磷农药的最适温度是28℃,适宜pH为6.0～7.0。     

关于近岸海域生态环境监测技术体系的探讨

在近岸海域环境管理从污染控制管理发展为生态环境综合管理的情况下,厘清近岸海域生态环境监测技术体系并加以完善十分必要。通过对中国环境监测和管理发展的梳理得出,中国近岸海域生态环境监测技术体系在生态环境、污染和损害等方面已有一定的基础;研究国内外环境监测和管理的发展趋势发现,中国近岸海域生态环境监测技术体系在河口区域、生态恢复力、风险源、灾害、海域使用影响、湿地损害、生物入侵、环境风险源方面需要不断完善,质量保证和质量控制方面也需要加强。     

用秀丽小杆线虫监测厦门岛海水水质

首次采用野生型秀丽小杆线虫( Caenorhabditis elegans )与带有HSP16启动子的转基因虫株分别对厦门岛附近5个站位的表层水样污染程度进行了监测,二者研究结果具有相关性,但采用转基因秀丽小杆线虫大大缩短了监测时间,提高了灵敏度.这是国内应用模式生物秀丽小杆线虫对环境及污染物的监测研究的首次报道.     

Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins

More than half of the world's 18 penguin species are declining. We, the Steering Committee of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Penguin Specialist Group, determined that the penguin species in most critical need of conservation action are African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), and Yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Due to small or rapidly declining populations, these species require immediate scientific collaboration and policy intervention. We also used a pairwise-ranking approach to prioritize research and conservation needs for all penguins. Among the 12 cross-taxa research areas we identified, we ranked quantifying population trends, estimating demographic rates, forecasting environmental patterns of change, and improving the knowledge of fisheries interactions as the highest priorities. The highest ranked conservation needs were to enhance marine spatial planning, improve stakeholder engagement, and develop disaster-management and species-specific action plans. We concurred that, to improve the translation of science into effective conservation for penguins, the scientific community and funding bodies must recognize the importance of and support long-term research; research on and conservation of penguins must expand its focus to include the nonbreeding season and juvenile stage; marine reserves must be designed at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales; and communication between scientists and decision makers must be improved with the help of individual scientists and interdisciplinary working groups.     

海上救援便携式海水淡化装置设计

设计了一种适用于海上救援的便携式海水淡化装置,由制水模块、供能模块、自动控制模块及辅助模块构成,产水量为3 L/d,可满足1人每天所需水量。制水模块采用"AGMD+DCMD"膜蒸馏工艺实现海水淡化,设置预处理工艺保护膜元件;对系统进行了能量核算,利用太阳能板及蓄电池供能,可提供3.6(k W·h)/d电能,保障设备稳定运行;利用PLC及传感器、指示灯等元件,通过制定控制策略、设计控制程序,对装置运行过程进行实时监控,实现一键化自动运行。将各模块有机集成为海上救援海水淡化装置,达到紧凑、重量轻、密封性好、便于海陆携带、操作简单的目的。     

不同类型天然碳酸盐矿物对风化煤矸石污染物释放的影响

为评价喀斯特背景条件下天然碳酸盐矿物对风化煤矸石典型污染物释放的控制效果,在风化煤矸石中分别添加纯品碳酸钙及3种典型天然碳酸盐矿物(石灰石、白云石、方解石),对混合物浸出液特征污染组分进行分析。结果表明,纯品碳酸钙及3种天然碳酸盐矿物均能有效缓冲风化煤矸石的酸度,并显著抑制Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、SO2-4等多种特征污染物的溶出,但天然碳酸盐矿物对Zn2+释放的控制效果不明显,特别是方解石在一定程度上甚至促进了Zn2+的释放。在污染控制效果上,纯品碳酸钙的控制效果最优,其次是石灰石,而白云石和方解石对污染物的控制效果相对较差,两者处理后风化煤矸石浸出液中溶出组分没有明显差异。     

一种水基燃烧新技术及其清除海洋油污应用

针对大面积海洋石油污染难以利用现有方法进行高效治理的问题,针对性地提出了一种简便实用的水基燃烧新技术,介绍了其技术特点和以碳化钙和金属钾为主要原料配方的化学反应原理,进而利用其独特的可长时间持续燃烧这一关键性能,设计开展了对海洋油污进行清除处理的实验研究。结果不仅表明了采用该技术处理海洋油污的有效性,特别是对实际最为常见且采用传统燃烧法根本无法处理的油层厚度不足3 mm的海洋原油污染,通过其对油层持续的点火和加热挥发等多种作用也可达到高效清除的目的,并从油层厚度与燃烧状况之间的关系对相关的理论问题进行了分析,体现了其良好的应用前景。     

以PEG为模板剂制备Bi2O2CO3及其可见光光催化性能

以聚乙二醇-6000（PEG-6000）为模板剂水热法制备碳酸氧铋（p-Bi2O2CO3）粉末,采用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见漫反射（DRS）对粉末进行了初步表征。在可见光（λ≥420nm）照射下,以罗丹明B（RbB）和水杨酸（SA）光催化降解实验为探针反应,实验结果表明,p-Bi2O2CO3具有较高的光催化活性,对RhB和SA有较好的降解效果。通过紫外-可见光谱（uV-Vis）、红外光谱（IR）和测定总有机碳（TOC）含量,光催化反应35h后RhB的矿化率为77％,同时对SA的降解率达到43％。同时,采用N,N-二乙基对苯二胺（DPD）分光光度法和对苯二甲酸荧光光度法分别测定了降解过程中H2O2和羟基自由基（·OH）的变化,表明p-Bi2O2CO3／Vis光催化降解机理涉及到·OH历程。