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自然灾害的研究与人文关怀精神本质上有着紧密的联系,从某种意义上说,二者是一致的。在自然灾害的研究中,人文关怀一直是最重要的动力因子。然而就理论界来说,并没有学者将两者的这种联系放到一起进行综合的研究。以自然灾害研究和人文关怀的内涵相一致为主旨,辩证地看待自然灾害对人类的作用,同时对人与自然的关系进行了重新的梳理。 相似文献
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再论灾害研究的理论与实践 总被引:163,自引:50,他引:163
本文在作者1991年发表的“研究的现状与实践”一文基础上,全面分析了当前国外灾害理论研究的进展,对灾害理论研究中的2灾因子论,孕灾环境论,承灾体论进行了评述,并系统地阐述了区域灾害系统论的主要内容,即在综合分析组成区域灾害系统的致灾因子,孕灾环境,承灾体的基础上,通过对致灾因子的风险性评估,孕灾环境稳定性的分析,承灾体易损性的评价,揭示区域致灾与成灾过程中灾 情纬傻亩ρЩ? 相似文献
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Most of the world's children live in resource-poor countries where people are at a relatively high risk of exposure to catastrophic situations arising from conflict and natural disasters.(6) Given the potential social, psychological and psychiatric consequences of exposure to disaster, mental health and psychosocial support programmes are increasingly part of humanitarian aid. A minimum standard on mental and social aspects of health is included in the recently revised Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (Sphere Handbook) (Sphere Project, 2004). Most recommendations for mental health and psychosocial interventions in guidance documents are based on expert opinion rather than research. Consequently, interventions are being implemented without full understanding of their potential benefit or harm. This paper offers a child-focused review of the evidence for each of the interventions described as indicators for the Sphere standard on mental and social aspects of health. It suggests some, but limited, support for each of them. However, the evidence base needs substantial strengthening. 相似文献
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Information technologies and the sharing of disaster knowledge: the critical role of professional culture 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Marincioni F 《Disasters》2007,31(4):459-476
A comparative survey of a diverse sample of 96 US and Italian emergency management agencies shows that the diffusion of new information technologies (IT) has transformed disaster communications. Although these technologies permit access to and the dissemination of massive amounts of disaster information with unprecedented speed and efficiency, barriers rooted in the various professional cultures still hinder the sharing of disaster knowledge. To be effective the available IT must be attuned to the unique settings and professional cultures of the local emergency management communities. Findings show that available technology, context, professional culture and interaction are key factors that affect the knowledge transfer process. Cultural filters appear to influence emergency managers' perceptions of their own professional roles, their vision of the applicability of technology to social issues, and their perspective on the transferability of disaster knowledge. Four cultural approaches to the application of IT to disaster communications are defined: technocentric; geographic,; anthropocentric; and ecocentric. 相似文献
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Wen-Cheng Liu Jan-Tai Kuo Chih-Chieh Young Ming-Ching Wu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(3):201-211
Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alternation of natural water bodies and to help
the design of the alternation to mitigate its impacts. In the past decade, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and reactive transport
modeling has matured from a research subject to a practical analysis technology. This paper presents a practical study in
which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model [hydrodynamic eutrophication model (HEM-3D)] was applied to
determine the optimal location for treated wastewater discharged from marine outfall system in the Keelung harbor and the
adjacent coastal sea. First, model validation was conducted with respect to surface elevation, current, and water quality
variables measured in the Keelung harbor station and its coastal sea. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative
agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of the locations from marine
outfall system. Based on model simulation results, a location at the northeast of Ho-Ping Island was recommended for adoption
because the environmental impact is smaller than any other alternative.
相似文献
Wen-Cheng LiuEmail: |
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干旱、农业旱灾与农户旱灾脆弱性分析——以邢台县典型农户为例 总被引:29,自引:6,他引:23
从微观农户角度分析了干旱、农业旱灾和农户旱灾脆弱性的成因。文章认为,自然降水不足或与作物需求匹配不均是造成农业干旱的动力,农户对干旱的应付能力不足是导致干旱成灾的原因。这种应付能力既受区域水资源可利用量的限制,也与农户的作物种植结构、灌溉支付能力、风险认识和对农业的依赖程度有关。农户旱灾脆弱性既与农业干旱有关,又受到人均资源和收入、种植和消费结构、生态环境质量、政策、市场价格等多重因素的作用。最脆 相似文献