Disaster in the South Paciic: Impact of tropical cyclone "Nomu" on the Solomon Islands, May 1986

Tropical Cyclone "Namu" struck the Pacific nation of the Solomon Islands during 18-20th May 1986. It was sthe most serious natural disaster in the Solomons in lining memory. Nearly a third of the total population of 267,000 were diriven from their homes and 150 people were killed, with damage estimates beginning in AUD 25 million. It has been estimated by the Solomon Islands Ministry of Economic Planning that it will take seven years for the economy to recover. This paper discusses the major events of the disaster episode by employing the Powell and Rayner model of "disaster-time." Factors relating to current disaster Planning and management within the Solomon Islands are outlined. The paper also highlights assistance provided by Australla during the Post-impact sequence and illustrates the type of general disaster preparatory support which Australia provides to South pacific.     

Simulated marine respirometry of biodegradable polymers

Eleven microorganisms were isolated from several temperate marine locations in the northeast Altantic coast of the United States and one tropical location in the Pacific Ocean (Hawaii) for the purpose of developing a rapid and accurate method of screening biodegradable materials for their susceptibility to mineralization. The materials evaluated in this study included chemically modified starch, amylose and pullulan, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate), (PHB/V), cellulose acetate, and a modified lignin/styrene. Some of the soluble, unmodified, biologically produced substrates such as starch, pullulan, and amylose mineralized rapidly. In general, the synthetic, insoluble polymers and the chemically modified polymers, such as acetylated and chlorinated amylose and pullulan, mineralized more slowly, although the ultimate mineralization of some of the substituted polysaccharides equaled or exceeded that of the unmodified substrate. The insoluble bacterial polyester, PHB/V, degraded rapidly after a short induction period. Initial respiration rate data, in general, could not be used as a predictor of ultimate mineralization. It was found that the cumulative level of carbon dioxide evolved signifies the minimum extent of biodegradation of the substrate, and the oxygen consumed is a good indicator of the maximum extent of substrate degradation.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts.     

海域环境影响对比分析在铁矿石港竣工环保验收中的应用

通过对马迹山矿石中转港扩建工程竣工环境保护验收阶段在码头前沿区、锚地、航道和对照点处,海水水质、海洋表层沉积物、海洋生物的监测调查数据,进行与环评时期的阶段对比和各监测点之间的区域对比评价,分析工程竣工后对周边海洋生态环境的影响。以对比分析结果为基础,判断工程是否具备竣工环保验收条件。     

中韩海洋环境管理的要素特征及比对分析

通过对中国和韩国的海洋环境行政管理的特征、海洋环境管理法律的特征以及海洋环境政策的特征的分析和比对,认为较之韩国的海洋综合管理而言中国的海洋环境管理过于分散,而与中国的海洋环境管理政策的协调性相比韩国的海洋环境政策过于独立.尽管中韩海洋环境管理都存在着一定的缺陷,但两国都意识到世界发展趋势和新的秩序变革,并为建立先进的海洋环境管理体制积极地进行相关调整和改革.     

我国综合减灾组织管理体系和运行机制探讨

通过分析我国综合减灾管理体制和运行机制的现状,在借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,剖析了我国综合减灾管理体制和运行机制建设中存在的问题,揭示了加强灾害管理体制机制建设的重要性和必要性.并提出了构建我国综合减灾管理体制和运行机制的理论框架体系,指出构建我国综合减灾管理体制和运行机制目的就是要加强部门的协作,通过综合减灾机制的作用,统一调配分散于各部门、各单位的技术、人力、物资、装备等,整合各部门的减灾资源,实现减灾投入的最小化和减灾效果的最佳化.     

关于在教师中开展防灾培训的思考

我国自然灾害发生频繁,由于防灾教育缺乏、民众的防灾意识淡薄,导致灾害后果严重.通过对教师进行防灾培训,增强教师处置突发灾害的技能,在保护好教师的同时,才能更好的保护学生;同时可以发挥媒介宣传作用,对普遍提高全民的防灾减灾意识、增强防灾减灾的能力、最大限度地减少突发灾害带来的危害具有现实意义.     

我国旅游灾害的研究进展

本文首先选取了十几年来国内旅游灾害的相关文献.从文献的数量、研究区域的时空分布等角度行了分析,然后从旅游灾害的致灾要素、成因、预防旅游灾害的对策、旅游灾害预防与管理系统等方面进行综述.最后笔者提出了我国旅游灾害的研究展望.     

图书馆防灾减灾管理制度初探

图书馆是人们获取知识信息的公共场所,它的安全也应该引起我们的重视.本文从编制图书馆灾害应急预案、建立健全各种规章制度、加强对图书馆工作人员应对灾害能力的培训、健全各种应急设备、数字馆藏容灾制度等几个方面论述了图书馆防灾减灾的方法与手段.     

《海洋环境保护法》的制度设置对我国环境法律制度建设的贡献

通过对<海洋环境保护法>制度设置情况的同顾与梳理,说明了这部法律在制度设置上对我国环境法律制度建设的贡献,包括它的首创性、独有性和至今仍然表现的先进性.文中说明了这部法律第一次把总量控制、基金、保险、公益诉讼等制度引入我国环境法律制度之中的情况以及对环境影响评价、环境标准、应急等制度完善的情况.     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统演变的Ecopath模型比较分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展.采用EwE5.1(Ecopath with Ecosim)软件,对南海北部大陆架分别建立20世纪80年代末期(1989～1992年)、20世纪90年代末期(1997～2000年)和21世纪初期三个代表时间段的Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型.通过三阶段的流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量、总循环流量以及Finn's循环指数和Finn's平均路径长度等方面的比较分析,得出近20 a的过度捕捞导致系统与渔业资源逐渐"退化".20世纪90年代末期休渔政策对此有一些缓和作用,但总趋势不变.