Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation

Territorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small‐scale fisheries. Using Chile as a case study, we designed a market‐based program aimed at improving fishers’ livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no‐take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes. Building on explicit enabling conditions (i.e., high levels of governance, participation, and empowerment), we used a place‐based, human‐centered approach to design a program that will have the necessary support and buy‐in from local fishers to result in landscape‐scale biodiversity benefits. Transactional infrastructure must be complex enough to capture the biodiversity benefits being created, but simple enough so that the program can be scaled up and is attractive to potential financiers. Biodiversity benefits created must be commoditized, and desired behavioral changes must be verified within a transactional context. Demand must be generated for fisher‐created biodiversity benefits in order to attract financing and to scale the market model. Important design decisions around these 3 components—supply, transactional infrastructure, and demand—must be made based on local social‐ecological conditions. Our market model, which is being piloted in Chile, is a flexible foundation on which to base scalable opportunities to operationalize a scheme that incentivizes local, verifiable biodiversity benefits via conservation behaviors by fishers that could likely result in significant marine conservation gains and novel cross‐sector alliances. Incentivar la Conservación de la Biodiversidad con Comunidades de Pesca Artesanal por medio de Derechos de Uso Territorial y la Innovación de Modelos de Negocio     

Evaluating Experience with Renewables Portfolio Standards in the United States

Increased use of renewable energy is one of several promising methods for reducing emissions of local, regional, and global air pollutants, including greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based electricity production. Among the available options for encouraging renewable electricity generation, the renewables portfolio standard (RPS) has become especially popular in recent years. The RPS is a newly established policy mechanism, however, and experience with its use has not been widely documented and evaluated. This paper describes and evaluates the design, impacts, and early experience of 13 U.S. state RPS policies. These 13 policies share a common goal of encouraging renewable energy supply, but each specific RPS is designed differently. Our evaluation shows both successes and failures with this policy mechanism; some state RPS policies are positively impacting renewable energy development, while others have been poorly designed and will do little to advance renewable energy markets.We emphasize the importance of policy design details, and specifically highlight critical design pitfalls that have been commonly experienced. Though experience with the RPS is still limited, we have now gained some knowledge of the conditions and design features necessary to make an RPS policy work. An important objective of this article is therefore to identify and describe broad policy design principles and specific best practice design elements that might be used to guide the design of future renewables portfolio standards.     

高压输变电工程对环境产生的影响及防治措施探讨

高压输变电工程建设的目的是调节区域电力平衡,充分提高电力资源的利用率,同时提高电网运行经济性和安全可靠性.文章就500 kV高压输变电工程在建设、运行期间对自然环境、电磁环境等影响的因素及特性进行了分析,并重点论述了高压输变电工程的环境影响及环境防治措施,以有效地降低高压输变电工程对自然环境和人群的影响,这对搞好高压输变电工程的环境影响评价和环境保护管理工作,实施中国输变电事业可持续发展战略是十分重要的.     

LD30大口径薄壁无缝管成形工艺

介绍了LD30大直径无缝薄壁筒采用热拉伸坯经变薄旋压成形工艺 ,讨论了其工艺过程 ,工艺参数和应用范围等。     

大型柴油机发电厂含油废水的治理

根据柴油机发电厂含油废水具有分散排放、间歇性排污、水质水量不稳定、主要来源于冲洗和正常跑漏等特点，设计了各车间废水单独收集、统一集中采用重力分离、二级混凝气浮及后级过滤处理的理化处理方法，并应用于佛山市发电厂的含油废水治理工程中．结果表明：本方法用于柴油机发电厂含油废水的处理具有除油率高、管理方便、用地少、成本低的优点，有较高的推广价值     

论我国的自然资源利用与经济的可持续发展

可持续发展是我国当前和２１世纪经济发展的主题和方向,也是指导充分合理开发利用自然资源的理论基础。它的提出具有科学和历史的必然性。深入研究可持续发展的客观规律性,有助于人们自觉地走可持续发展经济的道路,全面发挥社会主义市场经济合理配置资源的作用,并指导人们更深一步地进行我国的经济改革。最终在充分合理开发利用我国有限自然资源的基础上,促进经济的持续、快速、健康发展。     

烟气循环流化床——悬浮吸收脱硫工艺

详述了烟气循环流化床悬浮吸收工艺脱硫原理、工艺流程、系统组成及各系统作用,为类似老电厂烟气脱硫工程改造和环境管理提供有益经验.     

煤矿坑口电厂烟气脱硫除尘工艺选择原则

本文分析了我国煤矿坑口电厂的基本特点和目前国内外成熟的烟气脱硫工艺，阐述了坑口电厂烟气净化工艺选择原则。     

浅谈火电厂烟气连续监测系统（CEM）

近几年，随着我国环境保护意识的不断提高，环境保护工作也日益加强，为了做到环境和经济持续协调发展，必须要求建设项目加强污染防治对策，加强环保管理部门的有效监督。火电厂装设烟气连续监测系统（CEM）就是对其大气污染物的排放进行连续监测，为生产运行和环保管理部门提供基础数据，本文介绍了电厂CEM系统的分析系统。     

企业排污总量的优化

针对我国现代排污收费制度的弊端,“可持续发展”的现实需要以及控制污染物总量的紧迫性,本文通过分析排污标准与排污收费标准之间的关系,建立一个关于超标准排放收费与超标准排放量的增长模型。为了极小化企业实际污染物总量和极大化企业实际利润,采用多污染因子实行叠加收费,建立环境一经济系统的最优控制模型,然后借助运筹学的多目标决策理论和Matlab工程数学软件,利用随机搜索和偏好系数加权法,寻找最佳的权重,从而综合评估总产出与污染物排放量。最后用某炼油厂的实际运行数据,检验模型的合理性。