MULTIOBJECTIVE REAL‐TIME RESERVOIR OPERATION WITH A NETWORK FLOW ALGORITHM1

ABSTRACT: A network flow algorithm has been developed for the optimization of real‐time operation of a multiple reservoir system. Two purposes have been considered in the operation: flood control and hydropower generation. A special network structure was developed which allows the consideration of river routing. A multiobjective formulation is utilized thus allowing generation of a non‐dominated curve. The effect of imperfect forecast on the performance of the real‐time operation model is also evaluated. An application is made to a subsystem of the Brazilian hydroelectric system, located in the Paranapanema river basin. In this case study, the model showed good performance under the largest flood of the historical records.     

GB 13223修订后火电用袋式除尘技术发展状况探讨

《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13223-2003）修订后,将进一步推动袋式除尘技术在火力发电行业烟尘治理方面的应用。总结了袋式除尘技术在火电厂燃煤锅炉应用的状况,分析了＂十二五＂对现有机组改造和新建机组配套的袋式除尘技术投资总额状况,并说明它将是袋式除尘技术实现30%增长率的重要部分;进一步探讨＂十二五＂期间烟尘排放控制将从重设施建设向重控制效果转变,提出了发展袋式除尘器运营管理服务业设想,预测了袋式除尘器运营管理服务的市场容量。     

核能发电的特点及前景预测

核能发电具有经济、环保、安全的特点,发展和推广核电既能确保能源的可持续发展,也能满足环境保护的需要。近年来,核电发展取得了一定成绩,但其热污染和放射污染问题仍需引起重视并采取相关的措施。     

火电厂安全预评价报告常见问题浅析

本文系统分析和讨论了火电厂安全预评价报告在基础参数描述、生产流程示意图绘制、重大危险源辨识等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的改正措施和建议,以期对火电厂安全预评价报告的编制工作起到一定的指导作用,使其为建设项目的初步设计提供更好的安全对策措施和建议.     

响水风电基础地震动参数选取及抗震性能分析

响水风电场位于江苏省响水沿海滩涂地区,是国内目前单体较大的风电项目。本风电场是Ⅳ类场地条件对抗震不利,因此有必要对基础抗震性能进行验算。首先选取不同地震动参数进行了对比计算,计算表明根据风电场场区地形地貌、区域地质条件确定的地震动参数,考虑土层特性后,地震作用放大较多。然后针对在多遇地震和基本烈度地震两种情况下,综合考虑波浪力、风荷载的联合作用,对风电基础进行抗震验算,计算表明多遇地震烈度时,可满足现行建筑结构抗震规范的要求。基本烈度地震时,结构的应力、内力及其墩台处位移均满足抗震要求,但泥面处位移超过限制要求,泥面位移控制是抗震设计的主要目标。     

Dealing with the Clandestine Nature of Wildlife‐Trade Market Surveys

Abstract: Illegal international trade in wildlife (excluding fisheries and timber) has been valued at more than US$20 billion. A more precise figure has not been determined in part because of the clandestine nature of the trade, and for this same reason even regional and local levels of wildlife trade are difficult to assess. The application of recent developments in wildlife field‐survey methods (e.g., occupancy) now allows for a more‐accurate estimation of wildlife trade occurrence, including its hidden components at a variety of scales (e.g., regional, local) and periods (e.g., single season, 1 year, multiple years). Occupancy models have been applied in wildlife field studies to address the problem of false absences when conducting presence–absence surveys. Occupancy surveys differ from traditional presence–absence surveys because they incorporate repeat surveys, allowing for the likelihood of detecting a species (the probability of detection) to be estimated explicitly (in contrast to traditional surveys that often incorrectly treat this probability as close to one to allow for estimation of presence). Occupancy methods can be applied to a variety of wildlife‐trade surveys, including, for example, single‐species availability, links between two illegally traded species (i.e., co‐occurrence), and disease occurrence in live trade. In addition, free user‐friendly software (i.e., PRESENCE) allows even nonstatisticians to adequately address this issue. I simulated a hypothetical wildlife‐trade market survey that resulted in an apparent 20% decline in naïve occupancy (proportion of surveyed towns engaged in the trade) over 2 years, but when I accounted for change in probability of detection over the years the difference in occupancy was not statistically significant. As more sophisticated methods, such as occupancy, are applied to wildlife‐trade market surveys, results will be more robust and defensible and therefore, theoretically, more powerful when presented to conservation policy and decision makers.     

中国废纸回收利用行业发展路径及政策探讨

2012和2013年的废纸市场让很多企业一筹莫展,全球经济不振,国内需求不足,产能过剩,直接影响了造纸行业的生产和销售,作为原料供应商的废纸回收利用行业,必然受到连带影响,整个产业进入低迷阶段.除了外部经济环境的影响,行业内部应该如何调整,产业政策又该怎样引导行业健康发展,将是未来需要持续探讨的课题.     

中国煤炭市场现状剖析与国际煤价走势研究

近年来我国己成为世界第一煤炭生产国、消费国和进口国.2013年实施电煤价格并轨后,我国国内煤价与国际煤价的波动趋势也将日趋一致.在国内煤炭供给过剩的情况下,我国煤炭进口却仍在大幅增加,对我国煤炭市场造成了较大影响.因此,准确预测国际煤炭价格既有利于择机进口煤炭,也有助于进一步完善国家煤炭应急储备机制.通过整体经验模态分解(EEMD),非平稳煤价序列被分解重组为正常市场波动、重大事件影响、长期趋势等具有不同经济含义的时间序列.这三项时间序列被用于支持向量机(SVM)组合建模对国际煤价进行了一年内短期预测.研究发现:2013年国际煤炭价格将呈整体下跌趋势,趋向长期趋势线,并处于低位小幅波动.     

Land Community Participation: A New “Public” Participation Model

This essay presents a new “public” participation model that responds to contemporary participation problems. The author extends criticism of a false nature/culture dualism and responds to calls for pragmatic ways to expand participation to an expressive land community. The essay draws on existing scholarship that treats a range of direct to indirect forms of participation in environmental decision-making to argue for and explicate the land community participation model (LCP). The model features participation, power, and chronemics along three distinct and intersecting continua that bind and constitute participatory communication in environmental decision-making. Combining professional field experiences with rhetorical criticism, the author pilots the LCP model in a wilderness dispute resolution case study and suggests additional ways for using LCP as an interpretive guide and design tool in pursuit of environmental democracy.     

Simulation and analysis of a combined cycle heat and power plant process

The regulations of process efficiency and stricter environmental policies require analysis of large-scale thermal energy systems to produce highly efficient, cost effective and low environmental impact energy. For analysis, it is beneficial to simulate an energy system. In this paper, simulation models are developed for the analysis of a combined cycle heat and power plant located in Göteborg, Sweden. With the help of simulation models, characteristics between district heating (DH) water temperature and key parameters such as overall district heat duty, electrical power and electrical efficiency has been developed. The characteristics are useful to estimate and maximize the key parameters during varying DH water temperature. According to a comparison between the full-load simulation models of 2006 and 2013 for the selected power plant, a loss of 2 MW is noticed for gas turbine and a loss of 2.18 MW of heat flow occurs for heat recovery steam generator in the year 2013. The feasibility analysis of modifying the connection between DH economizer and main DH line provides good performance indicators in a winter scenario. The conclusions in this paper are good references to plan and improve the performance of existing large-scale thermal power plants.