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81.
82.
Meteorological elements and CO2 fluxes over alpine meadow ecosystem were observed continuously from 2004 to 2005in Damxung Alpine Meadow Flux Station,China Flux Network.Based on the eddy covariance CO2 fluxes and meteorological data obtained,the relationships among the CO2 fluxes,the cloud amount,and the meteorological factors in alpine meadow ecosystem were explored and analyzed.Some conclusions can be drawn from the discussion with previous researches as following:(1)the cloud amount can affect the net ecosystem CO2 exchange(NEE)of alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau;(2)the soil temperature sensitive to the cloud amount,is a major environmental controlling factor for NEE,and closely relates to the maximum of NEE.In the morning period with large cloud amount,the NEE reaches its maximum when the clearness index ranges from 0.5 to 0.7; yet in the afternoon it comes to the maximum with the index from 0.2 to 0.35.The span of soil temperature covers from 12 to 15℃ as the NEE at its highest;(3)the scatterplots between NEE and photosynthetic available radiation(PAR)was a significant inverse triangle in the clear day,two different kinds of concave curves in the cloudy day,and strongly convergent rectangular hyperbola in the overcast day.These differences were controlled by the changes of light radiation and soil temperature. 相似文献
83.
84.
This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg−1 and 31.14-61.22 ng kg−1 within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m−2 h−1 and 5.34-77.74 ng m−2 h−1 over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions. 相似文献
85.
Mark E. Hines 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):523-536
Microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of transformations that occur in surficial sediments. They are most active at
redox boundaries where they can benefit from access to various oxidants and reductants generated during redox cycling events.
To illustrate the dynamics of microbially mediated processes, especially those involving sulfur and metal cycles, processes
were compared in habitats either bioturbated by a capitellid worm or inhabited by a salt marsh grass. The presence of macrofauna
and macroflora greatly altered the three-dimensional array of redox gradients in sediments, but the type and form of reductants
and oxidants provided varied greatly; clastic sedimentary infauna subducted solid phase organic material and iron oxides,
whereas plant roots released dissolved organic matter and oxygen. These differences resulted in a bioturbated system that
exhibited a rapid sulfur cycle (residence time of minutes), but a slower iron cycle (days), whereas vegetation caused a slow
sulfur cycle and rapid iron cycle. Alteration of sediments by higher life forms also greatly affected the composition and
relative abundances of sedimentary bacteria, even on short time scales. Although redox cycling at interfaces can be somewhat
predictable, variations in response to biological and physical perturbations demonstrated wide differences in the dynamics
of redox-mediated processes. 相似文献
86.
Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural
marsh management (i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement
of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands.
Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity
have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity
may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics
(species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded
and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not
affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For all three years combined, burned plots had higher
live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total above-ground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned
plots for two and three years, respectively, compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground
biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly
indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes,
such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay. 相似文献
87.
88.
黑龙江省近50年来沼泽湿地退缩特征及其原因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在RS和GIS的支持下,综合集成1954年地形图和2000年TM影像重建黑龙江省1954~2000年沼泽湿地的空间信息矢量数据,结合斑块质心变化模型、景观参数和欧几里德最短距离函数,分析黑龙江省沼泽湿地退缩的区域分异特征,进一步从人类活动对沼泽退缩的影响的角度探讨沼泽退缩的原因。研究结果表明:黑龙江省近50年来,沼泽湿地面积急剧减少,由791.4×104hm2减少到303.5×104hm2;沼泽景观趋于破碎化;退缩的焦点区域主要集中在三江平原、大小兴安岭和松嫩平原。导致湿地退缩的人文原因主要包括三个方面:人口增加和耕地的不断开垦,国家建设国营农场的农业发展政策,与主要公路的空间区位关系。 相似文献
89.
闽江河口互花米草与短叶茳芏湿地土壤无机硫形态分布特征及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择闽江口鳝鱼滩不同淹水环境下两条样带(A样带,远离主潮沟且退潮后无积水;B样带,靠近主潮沟且退潮后有积水)上的短叶茳芏湿地和已被互花米草入侵(入侵前为短叶茳芏湿地)的互花米草湿地为研究对象,探讨不同类型湿地土壤无机硫赋存形态的分布特征及其主控因素.结果表明,B样带上互花米草湿地和短叶茳芏湿地土壤中的水溶性硫(H_2O-S)和吸附性硫(Adsorbed-S)含量总体上低于A样带,而盐酸可溶性硫(HCl-Soluble-S)和盐酸挥发性硫(HCl-Volatile-S)含量则高于A样带.短叶茳芏湿地和互米草湿地土壤中不同形态无机硫的含量在两条样带上整体均表现为HCl-Soluble-SH_2O-SAdsorbed-SHCl-Volatile-S,且二者的总无机硫含量分别占其TS含量的9.02%~15.50%和8.04%~12.73%.与短叶茳芏湿地相比,互花米草入侵分别使A样带土壤中H_2O-S、Adsorbed-S、HCl-Soluble-S、HCl-Volatile-S和总无机硫含量减少了35.2%、36.4%、16.8%、1.8%和26.12%;但使B样带表层土壤的总无机硫含量及0~20 cm土层的HCl-Soluble-S和HCl-Volatile-S含量分别增加了8.34%、15.34%和5.71%.研究发现,非长期淹水条件下,互花米草入侵后可降低湿地土壤有效硫的供给能力;长期淹水条件下,互花米草入侵可通过提高土壤中HCl-Soluble-S的含量增加金属硫化物沉淀,而挥发性硫含量的同步增加则可能对植被生长(特别是根系发育)产生不利影响. 相似文献
90.
通过开顶式温室(Open top chambers,OTCs)升温以及刈割+施加牛粪处理,应用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)方法,研究了青藏高原东部高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构对气候变暖和放牧的响应.结果表明,高寒草甸在生长季节,微生物群落以细菌为主.平均1.17℃的土壤升温使土壤微生物PLFAs总量增加34.58%,而春季割草结合牛粪施加使微生物PLFAs总量增加65.77%.模拟变暖和放牧均引起土壤微生物群落结构的显著变化.升温使细菌相对含量增加8.80%,而使真菌相对含量降低17.48%,细菌与真菌之比由7.3变为9.6.放牧使细菌相对含量增加8.40%,真菌相对含量降低14.04%,细菌与真菌之比由7.3变为9.2.OTCs升温+放牧处理比单独的升温或放牧处理对土壤微生物总量和细菌与真菌比值的影响更加明显.本研究表明,气候变暖和人类活动能够在短期内显著地改变青藏高原高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构,进而可能影响这一地区的生态系统碳收支和养分循环. 相似文献