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591.
2016—2017年,选取烟台市3个代表性点位采集了PM_(2.5)样品,分析了其质量浓度和化学组成特征,并利用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对环境空气受体进行了来源解析。结果表明:PM_(2.5)浓度呈现出盛泉工业园点位[(68.9±30.5)μg/m~3]福山环保局点位[(64.5±25.5)μg/m~3]百盛商城点位[(58.8±19.2)μg/m~3]的空间分布特征。水溶性离子、碳组分(OC和EC)和地壳类元素表现出不同的分布特征,与各点位所代表的不同功能区有关。形成机制上,NO~-_3在福山环保局点位主要以NH_4NO_3形式存在,而在盛泉工业园点位存在一定的Ca(NO_3)_2形式占比。源解析结果显示,3个点位均受到海盐源的影响,福山环保局点位二次颗粒物污染最为严重(43.9%),盛泉工业园点位燃煤源贡献突出(16.4%)。 相似文献
592.
通过2015年在沈阳市采集PM2.5样品及源类样品,分析样品的质量浓度和化学组成,用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对该市PM2.5来源进行解析。结果表明:沈阳市大气中PM2.5浓度时空变化特征明显;各主要源类对沈阳市PM2.5的分担率依次为煤烟尘(28.03%)、二次无机离子(22.63%)、机动车尾气尘(17.27%)、城市扬尘(13.28%)、建筑尘(5.94%)、土壤风沙尘(5.82%)、道路尘(3.04%)、生物质燃烧尘(2.74%)和冶金尘(1.25%)。燃煤和机动车的有效控制既能降低本类源的贡献,也能降低二次无机离子,体现了多源类综合治理原则。 相似文献
593.
建立了超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取(UA-DLLME)作为前处理联合气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)同时测定地下水和地表水中15种硝基苯类化合物的分析方法。萃取剂、分散剂、萃取温度、萃取时间和离子强度等影响因素采用Plackett-Burman设计,快速筛选出最显著影响因素,利用中心组合设计(CCD)简化实验步骤优化显著因素,结合响应曲面图最终确定最佳的萃取条件:5 mL水样在3%氯化钠条件下迅速加入40 μL四氯化碳(萃取剂)和0.5 mL乙腈(分散剂),50 ℃下超声4 min,混合液4 000 r/min离心3 min。结果表明:15种硝基苯类化合物在50.0~1 000.0 μg/L的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;采用超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取时,方法检出限(MDL)为0.018~0.039 μg/L;15种目标物的加标平均回收率为83.31%~99.08%,相对标准偏差均不高于5.0%(n=6)。 相似文献
594.
Ore is considered as an important source of many elements such as the iron, phosphorus, and uranium. Concerning the natural radionuclides, their concentrations vary from an ore to other depending on the chemical composition of each site.In this work, two phosphate ores found in East of Algeria have been chosen to assess the activity concentration of natural radionuclides represented mainly by three natural radioactive series 238U, 235U and 232Th, and the primordial radionuclide 40K where they were determined using ultra-low background, high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy.The measured activity concentrations of radioactive series ranged from 6.2 ± 0.4 to 733 ± 33 Bq.kg−1 for the 232Th series, from 249 ± 16 to 547 ± 39 Bq.kg−1 for the 238U series, around 24.2 ± 2.5 Bq.kg−1 for the 235U series, and from 1.4 ± 0.2 to 6.7 ± 0.7 Bq.kg−1 for 40K.To assess exposure to gamma radiation in the two ores, from specific activities of 232Th, 40K and 226Ra, three indexes were determined: Radium equivalent (Raeq), external and internal hazard indexes (Hex and Hin), their values ranged from 831 ± 8 to 1298 ± 14 Bq.kg−1 for Raeq, from 2.2 ± 0.4 to 3.5 ± 0.7 Bq.kg−1 for Hex, and from 4.2 ± 0.7 to 4.5 ± 0.7 Bq.kg−1 for Hin. 相似文献
595.
F. Gharbi S. Baccouche W. Abdelli M. Samaali M. Oueslati A. Trabelsi 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(8):589-590
234U and 238U activity concentrations and their relative effective doses have been determined in 10 bottled mineral waters in Tunisia. Alpha spectrometry was used as technique to measure uranium isotopes. The obtained isotopic ratio 234U/238U varies between 1.1 and 3 which means that the two isotopes are not in radioactive equilibrium. Measured activity concentration varies between 3.2 and 40 mBq/l for 234U and between 1.5 and 26.3 mBq/l for 238U. Effective doses (assuming 2 litres per day of water consumption) coming from this two isotopes are found to vary between 0.16 and 2.02 μSv/a which is lower than the maximum recommended dose level by the WHO. 相似文献
596.
Radium isotopes are widely used in marine studies (eg. to trace water masses, to quantify mixing processes or to study submarine groundwater discharge). While 228Ra and 226Ra are usually measured using gamma spectrometry, short-lived Ra isotopes (224Ra and 223Ra) are usually measured using a Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter (RaDeCC). Here we show that the four radium isotopes can be analyzed using gamma spectrometry. We report 226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra activities measured using low-background gamma spectrometry in standard samples, in water samples collected in the vicinity of our laboratory (La Palme and Vaccarès lagoons, France) but also in seawater samples collected in the plume of the Amazon river, off French Guyana (AMANDES project). The 223Ra and 224Ra activities determined in these samples using gamma spectrometry were compared to the activities determined using RaDeCC. Activities determined using the two techniques are in good agreement. Uncertainties associated with the 224Ra activities are similar for the two techniques. RaDeCC is more sensitive for the detection of low 223Ra activities. Gamma spectrometry thus constitutes an alternate method for the determination of short-lived Ra isotopes. 相似文献
597.
R.M. Anjos K.D. Macario R. Veiga P.J.F. Fernandes J. Bastos 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(1):75-81
Natural gamma radiation measurements of sand deposits were carried out in order to study the chronology of prehistoric colonization of the Brazilian coast during the Holocene. The method employs thorium, uranium and potassium as tracers of the geological provenance of Quaternary deposits, where artificial shellmounds are found. The so-called sambaquis are archaeological settlements, characteristic of fisher-gatherers, specialized in the exploitation of shellfish. Our results show a considerable positive correlation between the formation of coastal deposits, based on cross plots of eTh/eU and eTh/K, and the antiquity of its prehistoric human occupation. 相似文献
598.
Marko Štrok 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(1):22-28
As a result of former uranium mining and milling activities at ?irovski vrh, Slovenia, 0.6 million tons of uranium mill tailings (UMT) were deposited onto a nearby waste pile Boršt. Resulting enhanced levels of natural radionuclides in UMT could pose threat for the surrounding environment. Therefore, sequential extraction protocol was performed to assess mobility and bioavailability of 238U, 234U, 230Th and 226Ra in soils from the waste pile and its surrounding. The radionuclides associated with exchangeable, organic, carbonate, Fe/Mn oxides and residual fraction, respectively, were determined. Results showed that the highest activity concentrations for the studied radionuclides were on the bottom of the waste pile. In non-contaminated locations, about 80% of all radionuclides were in the residual fraction. Considering activity concentrations in the UMT, 238U and 234U are the most mobile. Mobility of 226Ra is suppressed by high sulphate concentrations and is similar to mobility of 230Th. 相似文献
599.
600.