原子吸收分光光度法在环境分析领域中的应用

原子吸收光谱分析方法问世已有50余年的历史,中国从1965年开始引进这一新技术,发展十分迅速,现已成为一种日常惯用的分析手段。通过对其基本原理、用途和常用方法的阐述,总结分析了原子吸收分光光度法在环境分析领域中的应用。     

原子吸收光谱法在环境分析中的应用

环境分析是原子吸收光谱法(AAS)的主要应用领域,该技术在国内外发展很快。本文评述了近年来AAS在环境形态分析及环境监测方面的应用进展。     

HPLC分离-氢化物发生-动态反应池-ICP/MS联用分析废水中砷形态

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分离水中不同的砷物种,将串联进入氢化物发生(HG)-动态反应池（DRC）-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-HG-ICP-DRC-MS)系统进行检测,由此建立了废水中砷形态的分析方法,并探讨了最佳测试条件,最后对宁波部分地区废水中砷形态分布规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,以0.04 mol·L-1L半胱氨酸(L-cys)、0.132 mol·L-1NaBH4和体积分数2%的HCl作为氢化物发生器载液,以H2作为DRC-ICP-MS反应气,控制流速为1.5mL·min-1时,4种As物种都有最佳的氢化物发生效率,且其它金属离子对分析干扰可忽略不计,求得As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、单甲基砷（MMA）、双甲基砷（DMA）的检测下限（3倍噪音）分别为0.003、0.001、0.002、0.004 μg·L-1.此系统可成功测定废水中砷的形态.     

Secondary organic carbon quantification and source apportionment of PM10 in Kaifeng, China

During 2005, the filter samples of ambient PM₁₀ from five sites and the source samples of particulate matter were collected in Kaifeng, Henan Province of China. Nineteen elements, water-soluble ions, total carbon (TC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in samples were analyzed. Seven contributive source types were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ were estimated by chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Weak associations between the concentrations of organic carbon and element carbon (EC) were observed during the sampling periods, indicating that there was secondary organic aerosol pollution in the urban atmosphere. An indirect method of “OC/EC minimum ratio” was applied to estimate the concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that SOC contributed 26.2%, 32.4% and 18.0% of TC in spring, summer-fall and winter, respectively, and the annual average SOC concentration was 7.07 μg/m³, accounting for 5.73% of the total mass in ambient PM₁₀. The carbon species concentrations in ambient PM₁₀ were recalculated by subtracting SOC concentrations from measured concentrations of TC and OC to increase the compatibility of source and receptor measurements for CMB model.     

Chemical composition and size distribution of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of isoprene

Photooxidation of isoprene leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, the chemical composition of SOA formed from OH-initiated photooxidation of isoprene has been investigated with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a home-made aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Sampling particles generated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution of SOA particles was detected by a TSI 3321 aerodynamic particle size spectrometer in real time. Results showed that SOA created by isoprene photooxidation was predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 m. The obtained mass spectra of individual particles show that products of the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene contain methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein, formaldehyde, and some other hydroxycarbonyls. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products were also discussed.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中27种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法测定地表水环境质量标准所要求必须监测的27种挥发性有机物。采用全扫描和选择离子扫描方式,内标法进行测定,提高了定性、定量分析的准确性。各目标物方法检出限为0.04～2.8μg/L,加标回收率为82.7%～108%,RSD为1.42%～8.68%。     

原子荧光法测定水中总汞的测量不确定度分析

以测定水中汞含量为例,对其在分析过程中产生的不确定度进行识别和计算,对原子荧光法测量水中总汞的不确定度加以分析评定。     

紫外分光光度法咪唑啉残余质量浓度分析

利用紫外分光光度法建立了咪唑啉缓蚀剂残余浓度曲线。通过分析蒸馏水以及某气田的两种水溶液得知,缓蚀剂质量浓度在0～100 mg/L范围内,吸光度与质量浓度成正比且线性关系较好,可以使用紫外分光光度法对油气田咪唑啉缓蚀剂残余质量浓度进行日常快速检测。     

原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量研究

土壤中砷和硒的测定有多种方法,一般对两种元素含量进行单独测定,过程比价繁琐,不利于批量分析。本文提出了一种可同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量的方法,该方法采用盐酸和高氯酸一次消解土样,用原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中的砷、硒,具有操作简便、测定结果准确等特点。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定饮用水中铊的探讨

研究了石墨炉原子吸收测定饮用水中铊的测定条件,为提高水样预处理的浓缩效果,对水样共沉淀条件进行详细探讨,结果表明:溴水用量2 mL,pH控制在7～9,陈化时间大于32 h时水样预处理效果最好,方法检出限为0.01 ug/L,实际水样平均回收率90.5%～103%。