Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫GGH结垢问题探讨

介绍了GGH在运行中极易结垢、堵塞等问题,对某电厂脱硫系统中GGH的垢样进行了分析,指出了结垢产生的原因并提出防止GGH结垢的对策与措施。     

川东北三高气田钻完井风险因素分析

分析了三高（高压、高产、高含硫）气田存在的主要有害因素,以及三高气田钻完井作业过程中存在的主要危险及其发生的潜在原因,并提出了相应的控制措施。针对我国三高气田区域地质环境的特殊性,分析了我国三高气田钻完井过程中可能诱发事故的特殊因素,并对应对措施进行了探讨。     

基于统计回归模型的硫化矿石自燃倾向性鉴定指标研究

合理的提出硫化矿石自燃倾向性的鉴定指标,准确鉴别其自燃倾向性,对于矿山防火工作有着重要的意义。本文采用应用非常广泛的一类随机模型—统计回归模型,首先通过分析硫化矿石自燃氧化机理,找到影响硫化矿石自燃倾向性的3个主要影响因素,实验获得相关数据;其次基于3个因素的数据,通过统计分析,建立回归模型,对硫化矿石自燃倾向性进行预测。     

两性—阴离子复配湿润剂对硫化矿尘润湿性的实验研究

为了探讨两性-阴离子湿润剂复配剂对硫化矿尘的润湿性能,通过毛细管正向渗透实验法,研究椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱（CAB）、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS-12）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）单体湿润剂的润湿性能;利用静滴法,测量各单体与矿石的接触角。单体实验结果表明两性离子湿润剂中BS-12、阴离子湿润剂中LAS的润湿性能相对较好。选用这两种试剂进行复配实验,结果表明:浸润深度大于20 mm,复配剂比单质湿润剂润湿性能好;最佳复     

纳米硫化镉对A549细胞的损伤研究

研究纳米硫化镉(Nano-Cd S)材料对肺癌细胞系A549的毒性及氧化损伤作用。培养A549细胞,经传代后接种于6孔板中,每孔2 m L完全培养基,接种次日进行染毒。用直径20~30 nm、长度80~100 nm的Nano-Cd S进行染毒,染毒浓度分别为0、5、10、20、40和80 mg·L~(-1)。染毒24 h后用MTT检测细胞存活率,以存活率在80%左右的浓度为后续实验染毒浓度。应用流式细胞技术,用荧光探针法检测A549细胞的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,PI-Annexin-V法检测细胞凋亡情况;用试剂盒检测细胞中超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性以及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,判断细胞氧化损伤情况。不同浓度Nano-Cd S处理细胞24 h之后,细胞存活率随剂量的增加而下降,浓度为10、20、40和80μg·L~(-1)时,存活率分别为(88.71%±0.80%)、(81.93%±3.06%)、(75.23%±1.13%)和(70.66%±5.63%),且各组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。以浓度为10和20 mg·L~(-1)的Nano-Cd S染毒24 h后,胞内ROS含量和细胞凋亡率随染毒剂量的增加而增加(P0.05);浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时,细胞凋亡率为(6.26%±0.44%)。与对照相比,各染毒组SOD和CAT活性和MDA含量升高,20 mg·L~(-1)染毒组SOD和CAT活性和MDA含量高于10 mg·L~(-1)染毒组(P0.05)。研究表明,纳米硫化镉能引起A549细胞的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡,具有明显的细胞毒性。     

某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设实例研究与分析

对所负责参与的某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设的实例进行研究与分析。针对系统运行期间发现的问题和不足,提出相关的应对改进措施。     

Thermodynamic method for the prediction of solid CO2 formation from multicomponent mixtures

The increase in GHG concentration has a direct effect on global climate conditions. Among the possible technologies to mitigate GHG emissions, CCS is being accepted to gain emission reduction. Such technology also involves cryogenic CO₂ capture processes based on CO₂ freeze-out or where the formation of solid CO₂ must be avoided. Captured CO₂ is usually transported in pipelines for the reinjection.The risk associated to the release of CO₂ is due to the changing temperatures and pressures the system may experience, which can lead to the deposition of solid CO₂ where it must be avoided. Prolonged exposure to dry ice can cause severe skin damage and its resublimation could pose a danger of hypercapnia. It is, thus, necessary to build up a tool able to predict the conditions in which CO₂ can freeze-out.A thermodynamic methodology based on cubic EoSs has been developed which is able to predict solid–liquid–vapor equilibrium of CO₂ mixtures with n-alkanes or H₂S which are usually found in equipment for acidic gas, mainly natural gas, treatment.The focus is a detailed analysis of the method performances when more than two components are present since, for such a case, literature does not provide significant modeling results.     

湿润剂溶液在硫化矿矿尘中的反向湿润行为研究

采用毛细管反向渗透湿润实验方法,研究了两种阴离子型湿润剂对两种硫化矿矿尘的反渗长度与反渗时间的关系.在实验中,环境和溶液的温度不高(20℃左右),所选的两种湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘都具有一定的改善湿润效果作用,试剂A比试剂B稍好.在反渗长度1 cm内,其反渗长度与反渗时间接近线性关系;反渗长度增大,其反渗长度与反渗时间近乎成抛物线的关系.研究结果显示,用毛细管反渗湿润法研究湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘的湿润行为时,反渗时间与反渗长度的关系基本可用Washburn方程描述;但除了方程中所含的参数外,还存在着诸多的影响因素,如几何条件、矿尘的物理化学性质、湿润剂的种类和浓度梯度等.     

洪湖历史时期人类活动的湖泊沉积环境响应

以洪湖北部和南部两个短柱钻孔(HN和HS)研究湖泊沉积,采用137Cs定年,沉积速率为0.155 cm/a。沉积物的总有机碳、总氮、磷以及元素和磁化率等指标分析表明：1840年前洪湖地区人类活动较弱,在湖泊沉积物中基本没有早期的人类活动信号的记录;1840年以后由于人口大量增加,人类活动增强,湖泊的营养水平有所增加,尤其是1950年以来沉积物中营养元素急剧增加;近50年来的湖泊营养程度的加重主要与流域内大量营养物质进入湖泊,以及大面积的围垦造成湖泊面积减小、自我调节能力降低有关。洪湖两孔的对比研究表明,不同区域之间存在着差异,可能与洪湖湖流作用及人类活动的影响差异有关。