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991.
Atmospheric emission of polychlorinated naphthalenes from iron ore sintering processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Iron ore sintering processes constitute significant sources of dioxins, and studies have confirmed a close correlation between polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and dioxin formation. Thus, iron ore sintering processes are thought to be a potential source of PCNs, although intensive investigations on PCN emissions from sintering processes have not been carried out. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to qualify and quantify PCN emissions from nine sintering plants operating on different industrial scales. PCN concentrations ranged from 3 to 983 ng m−3 (0.4-23.3 pg TEQPCN m−3) and emission factors ranged from 14 to 1749 μg t−1 (0.5-41.5 ng TEQPCN t−1), with a geometric mean of 84 μg t−1 (2.1 ng TEQPCN t−1). The estimated annual emission of PCNs from sintering processes in China was 1390 mg TEQPCN. These figures will assist in the development of a PCN emissions inventory. Regarding emission characteristics, PCNs mainly comprised low-chlorinated homologs. The ratios of several characteristic PCN congeners were also measured and compared with those from other sources. Taken together, these results may provide useful information for identifying the sources of PCNs produced by iron ore sintering processes. 相似文献
992.
993.
通过纳米铁对磷酸根和硫离子的单吸附和竞争吸附的研究,从吸附动力学和吸附等温线两个方面分析并验证了其吸附特性和模式。分析表明,相对于磷酸根,纳米铁对硫离子的吸附能力更强,在竞争条件下居优势地位。采用准一级和准二级吸附动力学方程对实验数据进行模拟分析,结果表明,纳米铁对磷酸根和硫离子的吸附符合二级动力学方程。吸附等温线分析采用Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线方程模拟分析,分析结果表明,纳米铁颗粒对磷酸根的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模式,而对硫离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模式。 相似文献
994.
995.
硫化物沉淀法处理含铅废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用硫化物沉淀化处理含铅废水,考察了Na2S投加量、反应初始pH等操作条件对铅离子去除效果的影响,以及硫化铅沉淀反应过程的动力学特征,并采用激光粒度分析仪对反应生成的硫化铅沉淀的粒径分布进行了测定。实验结果表明,S2-与废水中Pb2+之间的沉淀反应能较好地符合一级反应动力学特征;Na2S与Pb2+的最佳物质的量之比为3;最佳的反应初始pH为6~9。在最佳操作条件下,Pb2+的平均去除率为99.60%,反应出水中Pb2+平均浓度为0.13 mg/L,低于污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)中铅的排放浓度限值。反应生成的硫化铅沉淀的平均粒径为2.62μm,具有较好的沉淀性能,能够通过沉淀的方式与废水分离。 相似文献
996.
采用超声波辅助浸渍法制备了一种新型SBA-15负载CuO纳米颗粒的复合介孔材料(SC),使用氮吸附、XRD、透射电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线光电子能谱等方法对SC进行了表征。并考察了SC对H2S的去除效果。研究结果表明:SC仍为介孔材料,超声处理会使CuO纳米颗粒更均匀地分散在主体材料孔道内;SC具有六角形长程有序性,说明辅以超声处理的浸渍方法可维持介孔材料的高度有序性;CuO纳米颗粒主要存在于载体孔道内;脱硫反应后的试样(SC-E)仍保留六角形特征,与SC相比介孔有序性降低;当Cu质量分数为3.23%时,SC的H2S穿透吸附量高达278mg/g。 相似文献
997.
从热镀锌厂的酸洗废水和锌灰中回收硫化锌,采用X射线能谱仪(EDS),X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射透射电镜(FETEM)表征样品ZnS性质,电感耦合等离子发射体(ICP-OES)分析上清液性质,并研究该反应动力学过程。EDS和ICP分析表明,样品ZnS纯度达到85.45%,其上清液含有高浓度铁,含量为2 g/L,可用于制备复合亚铁絮凝剂,而其他重金属离子浓度均低于电镀废水排放标准。XRD分析表明,样品ZnS是立方晶型,调节pH和采用滴加方式能有效改善样品ZnS的晶型。采用Scherrer公式计算晶体粒径,结果表明,晶粒大小在3~6 nm之间。FTIR分析表明,样品ZnS呈现良好的红外透明性,且温度、pH和滴加方式对样品的红外透光性基本没有影响。FETEM结合XRD图表明,该纳米晶呈片状,近似为球形,呈多层叠加,分散性不明显,有团聚现象。动力学实验表明,逆一级动力学方程适合描述硫化沉淀的反应动力学过程,活化能为39.04 kJ/mol,沉淀过程受化学反应和扩散联合控制。 相似文献
998.
采用菌剂挂膜,活性污泥挂膜和自然挂膜3种不同方式形成生物滴滤塔,考察挂膜方式对生物滴滤塔去除H2S恶臭气体的影响。结果表明,当进气H2S浓度为5 mg/m3时,菌剂挂膜、活性污泥挂膜、自然挂膜形成的生物滴滤塔出气H2S浓度分别为15.7~17.4、11.6~14.8和15.0~15.9 μg/m3;塔内压降分别为3~4 mm水柱、6 mm水柱和4~5 mm水柱;喷淋后滤出液中硫酸根的浓度分别为14、22和17 mg/L,硫的转化率分别为45%、60%和50%。当进气H2S浓度增大至7 mg/m3时,3个塔经过7 d的调整后,均能达到稳定状态,稳定后3个塔中出气H2S浓度和压降基本没变,喷淋后滤出液中硫酸根浓度依次增大至25、31和30 mg/L左右。采用活性污泥挂膜形成的生物滴滤塔处理H2S的能力比菌剂挂膜和自然挂膜的高。 相似文献
999.
Carmem S. M. Masutti Ahmet R. Mermut 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):33-43
The objective of this research was to assess the degradation of fipronil [5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α -trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile] in soils from sugar cane fields in Northeastern Brazil. Degradation experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions (controlled temperature and in the dark), where sterile and non-sterile soils (Ustoxs) were incubated [under moisture content of 55% of the water holding capacity (WHC)] and analyzed for fipronil disappearance and metabolite formation. Microbial communities present in the soil degrade fipronil. However, biodegradation seems to be dependent on the bioavailability of the fipronil and the half-life according to the zero-order model. Fipronil degradation rate appeared to be biphasic. Degradation fipronil ranged from 83 days (initial concentration = 978 ng g? 1; short-term experiment) to 200 days (initial concentration = 689 ng g? 1; long-term experiment). This an initial slower rate followed by a faster rate after 90 days of incubation may lead to shorter half-life than that calculated with the zero-order model. The sulfone derivative (an oxidation product) was the predominant metabolite, but the sulfide (a reduction product) and amide (a hydrolysis product) derivatives were also formed under non-sterile conditions after 120 days of incubation. The metabolites underwent further biodegradation, particularly the sulfone derivative. Bioavailability appears to affect fipronil degradation in soils with an effective capacity to adsorb fipronil (such as Ustoxs), while redox potential was important for the formation of metabolites. Despite the fine texture, more aerobic sites were present, thus favoring the formation of the sulfone metabolite over that of the sulfide metabolite. Therefore, microaggregation of Ustoxs, with high clay content, played a very important role in determining the types of metabolites formed. 相似文献
1000.
K.M.S. Sundaram 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):523-544
Abstract Foliar deposits, volatilization and persistence of azadirachtin‐A (AZ‐A) were investigated after application of four spray mixes prepared from a wettable powder (WP) and three emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of neem. They were applied at the dosage rate of 50 g AI in 4 L/ha onto potted spruce seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber. Droplet‐size spectra and deposits were assessed using Kromekote® card/glass plate collection units. Foliar residues [dislodgeable residues (DR), penetrated residues (PR) and total residues (TR)] of AZ‐A and their volatilization were measured by HPLC at different intervals of time up to 60 h after treatment. Differences in the droplet‐size spectra and deposit levels were observed among the four spray mixes due to the influence of additives present in them. Dissipation half‐lives (DT50) of the DR, PR and TR in the foliage were low (range, 19.5 to 38.9 h) and varied according to the residue type and the spray mix used. The DT50 values of the DR were consistently lower (range, 19.5 to 31.9 h) than those of the PR (range, 30.5 to 38.9 h) due to preferential loss of the surface residues. The low DT50 values observed for the DR and TR in the foliage sprayed with the WP spray mix were attributed to the particulate nature of the deposit. AZ‐A volatilized appreciably from the DR rather than from the PR. The variations found in the amounts of AZ‐A volatilized (42 to 58%) and unaccountable (38 to 46%) from the initial TR values in spruce foliage, after 60 h, were attributed to the physical form of the deposits on the target surface and the influences of additives present in the different spray mixes. 相似文献