Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production determined by HPLC–MS/MS

Abstract

It is crucial to develop practical procedures for the control and reduction of pesticide residues in oil productions from farm to dining table. In this study, the dissipation behaviors of typical fungicide from rapeseed to oil production were studied to reveal relationship among spraying stage, application dosage, household oil processing stage, and pesticide residues. In the field trials, rape plants were sprayed with carbendazim at three different dosages during flowering period. Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production during household oil processing via different press techniques was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The recoveries of carbendazim in rapeseed samples, meals after squeezing samples, and rapeseed oil samples ranged from 82.5% to 93.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ＜5.2%. The validation results illustrated that the methods were reliable and sensitive. The average processing factor (PF) during household oil processing via hot press technique and cold press technique was 0.15 and 0.51, respectively. This study demonstrated that household oil processing could significantly reduce the pesticide residues, especially by hot press technique.     

Performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with phase change material thermal storage system for drying of chili

ABSTRACT

Large-scale greenhouse solar dryers have been used for drying various products and this type of dryer is usually equipped with LPG burner as auxiliary heater, which creates more operating cost. To overcome this problem, phase change material (PCM) thermal storage was proposed to substitute for the LPG burner. In this work, the performance of a large-scale greenhouse solar dryer integrated with a PCM as a latent heat storage for drying of chili was investigated. Experimental studies were conducted to compare the performance of this dryer with that of another large-scale greenhouse solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and open sun drying. Chili with an initial moisture content of 74.7% (w.b.) was dried to a final moisture content of 10.0% (w.b.) in 2.5 days, 3.5 days, and 11 days using the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage, the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage and the open sun drying, respectively. The performance of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage was also evaluated using exergy analysis. The exergy efficiency of the drying room of the solar dryer integrated with the PCM thermal storage and the solar dryer without the PCM thermal storage for drying of chili was found to be 13.1% and 11.4%, respectively and the thermal storage helps to dry chili during adverse weather conditions. The results of exergy analysis implied that the exergy losses from the dryer with the PCM should be reduced.     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

凹型建筑外立面火灾烟气蔓延特性研究

为了研究凹型建筑外立面火灾烟气蔓延特性，对高层建筑凹槽内火灾烟气“三场”数值模拟。研究表明:结构因子α（进深与槽宽之比）的变化导致凹型建筑结构内呈现不同的火灾烟气蔓延规律；当α为0~0.4时，建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气无烟囱效应；当α为0.6~1.2时，建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气呈现一定的烟囱效应，其火灾烟气温度场、CO浓度场、扩散速度场变化显著；当α>1.2的，建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气烟囱效应显著。     

汉江流域秦巴山区中药材资源优势与持续发展

汉江流域秦巴山区生态环境复杂，生物多样性突出，中药材资源丰富，具有很大优势，主要表现在：种类多；产量大；多名优特种类。中药材生产对山区经济发展起重要作用。中药材生产持 拟采取下列措施或途径；建设专门化生产基地；进行综合性经营；加强对野生资源保护性利用；加强科研工作。     

东湖磷酸酶活力及其生态学意义研究

本文对东湖磷酸酶活力(PA)的来源,不同湖区活力水平的比较,及其与主要环境因子的关系作了初步研究。结果表明,东湖水柱中磷酸酶活力主要来自藻类,底泥中则主要来自细菌;在东湖磷浓度波动范围内,磷对碱性磷酸酶活力(ALPA)无明显抑制,实验室条件下相当于环境水平的磷浓度不能抑制PA;光照促进藻类PA的增加;溶解氧有利于藻类PA提高,对细菌PA则相反。     

中国区域能源效率对霾污染的空间效应——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

以中国29个省市自治区为研究对象，并以2001~2015年PM_2.5年度均值作为衡量霾污染的指标，构建了全要素能源效率对中国霾污染影响的空间杜宾模型.研究表明：中国绝大部分省市的霾污染演变趋势具有倒"U"的特点，这说明中国的霾污染在2001~2015年间经历了先上升后下降的总体变化趋势；无论是采用地理相邻权重还是经济权重，中国省际间的霾污染均存在显著空间集聚效应，这揭示霾污染的治理与控制需要地区间建立恰当的合作机制，避免出现"损人利己"现象；在对一系列经济社会因素控制的基础上，全要素能源效率对霾污染存在显著的负向影响并且具有显著的空间溢出效应，这表明全要素能源效率的提高不仅会显著降低本地区的霾污染水平，还将对周边地区的霾污染产生显著的负向影响；分解方程结果显示，技术进步和技术效率对霾污染的负向效应显著，并且技术进步的直接效应大于技术效率，但两者的间接效应均显著大于直接效应，这揭示了技术扩散对霾污染具有重要的潜在促降效应.因此，在治理霾污染的过程中，要通过不断优化能源结构和开发新能源技术以发挥全要素能源效率的减霾效果，以及通过地区间的交流与合作发挥技术扩散效应在霾污染治理中的作用.     

洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相及其污染历史研究

高原封闭、半封闭型湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器，其沉积物记录具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点。高原湖泊沉积记录在恢复和重塑各种短时间尺度（千年、百年、十年）的气候和环境演化序列上，具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势，尤其在揭示近代环境污染历史方面更有其独到之处。本文通过对洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相的研究，利用因子分析方法，识别了沉积物重金属的主要来源和影响其分布的主要因素，即：流域侵蚀作用、大气沉降作用、工业废水与生活污水的排放，以及早期成岩作用。同时，结合沉积物柱芯210PBex计年结果，本文初步评价了洱海150多年来的重金属污染历史：1958年以来．因为化石燃料使用量的增加．洱海湖区大气污染日趋严重；1982年后，由于西洱河水电站的建成运行和湖区植被的破坏，流域侵蚀作用显著加强，应当引起重视。     

冀东金矿成矿物质深部来源及其找矿方向

冀东是华北主要产金区之一 ,也是研究程度较高的地区。前人的研究将该区金矿分为多种成矿模式 ,矿质来自不同渊源。随着工作的不断深入、资料的不断积累 ,有必要对该区的成矿作用和金的物质来源进行再认识。总结 13个金矿床 (点 )的各种资料 ,认为该区金矿的矿质应来自深源流体。原定的各种成矿模式只是矿液在不同空间滞留成矿的结果 ,而非本质问题。找矿方向应是研究其矿液通道及其富集成矿的部位。     

锅炉应用旋风除尘器除尘的影响因素分析

通过对旋风除尘器结构和运行原理的分析,找出锅炉应用旋风除尘器除尘效果不佳的影响因素,提出了锅炉应用旋风除尘器提高除尘效率的措施.