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111.
Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An environmental assessment of six scenarios for handling of garden waste in the Municipality of Aarhus (Denmark) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE. In the first (baseline) scenario, the current garden waste management system based on windrow composting was assessed, while in the other five scenarios alternative solutions including incineration and home composting of fractions of the garden waste were evaluated. The environmental profile (normalised to Person Equivalent, PE) of the current garden waste management in Aarhus is in the order of −6 to 8 mPE Mg−1 ww for the non-toxic categories and up to 100 mPE Mg−1 ww for the toxic categories. The potential impacts on non-toxic categories are much smaller than what is found for other fractions of municipal solid waste. Incineration (up to 35% of the garden waste) and home composting (up to 18% of the garden waste) seem from an environmental point of view suitable for diverting waste away from the composting facility in order to increase its capacity. In particular the incineration of woody parts of the garden waste improved the environmental profile of the garden waste management significantly. 相似文献
112.
113.
以Ti3AlC2为原料,采用HF刻蚀工艺制备出12种Ti3C2纳米层状材料,对其形貌进行了表征,并考察了以其作为光催化剂对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的处理效果。实验结果表明:HF体积分数为80%、刻蚀时间为48 h时得到的MX-80-48的形貌较好;MX-80-48具有类似石墨烯的二维层状结构,纳米层厚度约20~50 nm,孔径2~10 nm,比表面积14.8 m2/g,在400~700 nm可见光范围内表现出强烈的吸光性;当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度为40.00 mg/L、MX-80-48投加量为200 mg/L、pH=2、反应时间4 h(暗反应1 h+光照3 h)时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达100%。 相似文献
114.
This paper develops a method for identifying and assessing long-term supply risks for mineral raw materials. The method is based on a combined evaluation of past and future supply and demand trends. By analysing raw material boom and bust cycles over the past 50 years, we have quantified indicators and defined benchmarks for identifying critical market situations. By applying the method, risks for supply shortage may be identified at an early stage. In addition, a numerical evaluation model has been developed for better comparison between various mineral raw materials. Compared to other assessment methods this method uses specific benchmarks for each raw material to better assess supply risks. The method is embedded within a systematic and comprehensive analytical approach. 相似文献
115.
We need to ensure the sustainable management of advanced materials, such as purified silicon, that contribute to a low-carbon
society. Because a drastic increase in the demand for photovoltaic (PV) systems is tightening the supply of silicon for PV
cells, the sustainability of silicon feedstock needs to be explored. For this purpose, a material flow analysis of silicon
in Japan from 1996 to 2006 is presented in this paper. Our analysis finds that rapid growth in demand for polycrystalline
silicon (pc-silicon) and single crystalline silicon (sc-silicon) has changed the structure of the purified silicon supply.
The strong demand for purified silicon for solar cells is responsible for this change. While off-grade silicon obtained as
a by-product of electronic-grade silicon (EG-Si) covered the demand for solar sells before 2000, pc-silicon is currently produced
independently for solar cells via an energy-intensive process. Analysis of the resource effective-use index (REI), which indicates
how effectively purified silicon is used, shows progress in the effective use of pc- and sc-silicon. REI analysis indicates
that the effective use of pc-silicon is reaching a maximum, while the effective use of sc-silicon is advancing, with a corresponding
increase in price. To ensure a sustainable supply of silicon feedstock, this paper proposes four solutions: (1) production
of solar-grade pc-silicon by a less costly and less energy-consuming method; (2) reduction in the amount of crystalline silicon
per watt in solar cells; (3) acceleration of the development and deployment of other solar cell types; and (4) reuse and recycling
of solar cells in the future. 相似文献
116.
The herbicide paraquat induces alterations in the elemental and biochemical composition of non-target microalgal species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huge quantities of pesticides are dispersed in the environment, affecting non-target organisms. Since paraquat affects the photosynthetic process, the biochemical composition of affected species should be altered. The effect of paraquat on Chlamydomonas moewusii, a freshwater non-target species, was studied. After 48 h of herbicide exposure, growth rate, dry weight, and chlorophyll a and protein content were affected by paraquat concentrations above 0.05 μM. C/N ratio was also affected due to a decrease in nitrogen content in the dry biomass, while the carbon content remained constant for all paraquat concentrations assayed. Enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation were affected by paraquat, being nitrate reductase activity more sensitive to paraquat than nitrite reductase. Based on the results obtained in the present study, paraquat exerts adverse effects upon a common freshwater green microalga, thus the application of this herbicide for weed control must be carried out very carefully, so that any disturbance affecting algae will have severe repercussions on higher trophic levels and on the elemental biogeochemical cycles. 相似文献
117.
以聚氨脂泡沫填缝剂基本生产原理及其特点为基础,对生产原料进行火灾危险性分析,结果表明:该类生产场所的火灾危险等级应划分为甲类;提出聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂生产中存在的安全问题及原因;运用危险度评价法对聚氨脂泡沫填缝剂生产工艺的火灾危险性进行了定量的安全评价,得出聚氨脂泡沫填缝剂生产工艺的危险程度为高度危险;并从建筑设计、防火管理和生产工艺等方面提出了预防火灾事故发生的对策。 相似文献
118.
突发事件现场警戒区域的研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
杨春生 《中国安全生产科学技术》2009,5(6):167-170
阐述了事故危险区域、现场警戒区域的基本概念、设置目的和原则,提出将突发事故现场警戒区域分为三层,分别对应现场封锁线、警戒封锁线和交通封锁线,并就吸入毒性危害物质泄漏、燃气泄漏、建筑物火灾等事故,制定了具体的设置方法。现场警戒区域的设定,可在较小成本投入的前提下,通过采取积极的防范和应对措施,有效减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高救援效率和效果。 相似文献
119.
Ali Tighnavard Balasbaneh Abdul Kadir Bin Marsono 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2017,10(3):176-184
The building sector has been regarded as a potential sector where there is large capacity to reduce the climate change effect. This study has proposed solutions to mitigate environmental impacts and achieve low CO2 emission from residential sector. Therefore, full life cycle assessment (LCA) has been run to assess the CO2 emission and its effect on the atmosphere and climate change. Based on the result, timber scheme is the best choice due to releasing less CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. However, house builders in Malaysia have almost completely neglected timber as a building material, with timber use as building components reduced to 5%. In this study, LCA Software was used to assess CO2 emissions from different wall construction. The alternative building scheme has been made by reinforce steel stud, wooden beam and timber wall (S8) to improve the scheme deficiency while releasing less CO2 emissions compared to other schemes. Therefore, S8 has a decreased CO2 effect by 85% less than precast concrete frame and 90% less than brick over their lifetime. (S8) increased the load bearing compared to conventional timber beam. Thus, new scheme S8 could be replaced by current scheme and promote more adjustable scheme for Malaysian housing. 相似文献
120.