Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Disaster impact assessment of the underground hazardous materials pipeline

In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other countries with advanced pipeline management, some organizations are responsible for pipeline safety protection management for underground hazardous materials. The security and maintenance of a hazardous material pipeline are serious considerations for urban safety, because the materials transported by underground pipelines contain hazardous goods, such as the flammable or explosive particles of solids, liquids, and gases. Damage to a pipeline by external forces often leads to secondary disasters, such as the leakage of hazardous materials, fires, explosions, and environmental pollution. Such events seriously affect the safety of individuals and their property.Accordingly, this study used seismic scenario analysis with a spatial grid to evaluate earthquake damage to an underground pipeline in an urban area. Damage to underground pipelines was classified, pipeline disaster management procedures were discussed, and improvement measures were proposed, such as establishing a geographic information platform and conducting disaster impact assessments for hazardous material pipelines. Underground hazardous material pipelines were assessed in scenarios including earthquakes. Such assessments are intended to provide disaster reduction plans and disaster prevention drills to improve pipeline safety as well as the planning for pipeline materials to aid seismic resistance.     

受限空间内细水雾与火相互作用的实验研究

细水雾灭火系统作为卤代烷系列灭火剂的替代产品之一，以其高效无毒、经济实用的优点，近年来在国际上研究得非常活跃。本文在受限空间内利用先进的材料热释放速率测量仪研究了细水雾与火的相互作用过程，并得到了以下结论：细水雾通过汽化吸热冷却燃料及氧化剂、体积膨胀隔氧以及吸收热辐射降低对燃料的热回馈等效应与火相互作用，达到控制和扑灭火灾的目的，在受限空间内汽化隔氧效应起着重要作用。     

The use of material flow analysis and the ecological footprint in regional policy-making: application and insights from Northern Ireland

This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the use of resource accounting tools in regional policy-making. The Northern Limits project applied material flow analysis (MFA) and ecological footprinting (EF) to regional policy-making in Northern Ireland over a number of years. The early phase of the research informed the regions first sustainable development strategy which was published in 2006 with key targets relating to the EF and improving the resource efficiency of the economy. Phase II identified the next steps required to address data availability and quality and the use of MFA and EF in providing a measurement and monitoring framework for the strategy and the development of the strategy implementation plan. The use of MFA and EF in sustainable regional policy-making and the monitoring of its implementation is an ongoing process which has raised a number of research issues which can inform the ongoing application and development of these and other resource accounting tools to within Northern Ireland, provide insights for their use in other regions, and help set out the priorities for research to support this important policy area.     

PPS滤料机械性能测试研究

袋式除尘行业里,所用滤料本身的性质有重要的意义,而衡量滤料性质的指标中最重要的一点就是其机械性能的稳定性。在产品大批量投产与使用之前,都要对这项指标进行测定。文章以PPS滤料为例,研究了在测定滤料机械性能时,样品选取尺寸的大小对其断裂强力和断裂伸长率两项机械性能测试数值的影响。     

IMPROVED ENERGY AND MATERIAL EFFICIENCY USING NEW TOOLS FOR GLOBAL OPTIMISATION OF RESIDUE MATERIAL FLOWS

Residue materials generated in the metallurgical industry have gained an increasing importance, both from the points of view of energy and material supply. A joint process integration model for the integrated steel plant system is developed and used in this paper. It takes into account both residue materials and energy recirculation for the system. The potential for increased recirculation and the effect on the system from an environmental point of view is presented, and implementations and practical experiences are discussed. The model developed can serve as a benchmark for different steelmaking operations and constitute a basis for the continuous work involved in material, energy, environment or economic analyses for the steel production system.     

海洋环境下金属材料在多场多相作用下的空蚀研究进展

首先介绍了目前空蚀的几种损伤机制,其中空化气泡以冲击波和微射流形式作用于材料表面,并导致损伤的机械作用占主要地位。在此基础上,总结归纳了影响海洋环境下金属材料空蚀的影响因素及相关研究进展,将因素按照环境外因与材料性质内因进行划分,系统分析了各种因素对空蚀损伤的作用趋势和机制,明确了各因素间存在协同效应。最后,提出了今后空蚀研究的发展方向,如调控温度、盐度等各种环境因素,进行空化气泡产生、长大、溃灭及能量释放过程的机制研究;也可以从材料性质入手,设计合成具有优良表面性能和力学性能的新材料等,对如何减少海洋工况下的空蚀损伤的科学研究和工程应用具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

大口径火炮身管寿命提升技术探讨

介绍了关于身管寿命研究的国内外发展现状、趋势和差距,论述了身管寿命的定义与评定标准。基于一般身管寿命预测方法,从发射装药、身管材料、身管发射负载、身管内膛表面强化等方面,分析了身管寿命的影响因素,确定了热作用、化学作用、机械作用、膛压作用的影响因素,提出了包括身管内膛镀铬技术在内的身管寿命提升需要解决的问题和关键技术,以及初步技术措施,并详细论述了身管内膛镀铬技术方案与技术途径,提出了达到世界先进水平的身管寿命提升技术发展目标,指出了身管寿命提升技术的发展趋势等,为今后身管寿命提升技术研究提供技术参考。     

过硫酸盐对电动-铁/碳复合材料联合修复多氯联苯污染土壤的强化作用

研究了3种浓度过硫酸盐溶液(2、20和200 g·L^-1,以下分别表示为0.2%、2%、20%)作为电解液对电动-铁/碳复合材料（EK-Fe/C）联合修复多氯联苯（PCBs）污染土壤的强化作用,并探究了EK-Fe/C-PS修复技术对土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,EK-Fe/C-PS修复7 d后,土壤温度和可溶性有机质含量增加,p H显著降低,电导率下降.PS对EK-Fe/C联合修复PCB28污染土壤具有显著的强化作用,修复效果整体随PS浓度增加而增加.在PS浓度为20%时,PCB28的7 d平均去除效率最高（60.9%）,是EK-Fe/C处理组（20.5%）的3倍,EK-20%PS处理组（32.0%）的近2倍.阳极侧土壤PCB28去除效率显著高于阴极侧,达到92.7%±7.7%.在两个电极中间区域,PS浓度增加对修复效果的影响不显著.为降低修复成本和对土壤的影响,污染土壤修复实践中可先使用高浓度PS快速修复阳极和阴极侧土壤,再使用低浓度PS强化修复中间区域土壤.     

粤港澳大湾区典型固废综合处置园区能量代谢特征研究

我国城市固体废物种类多、来源广、产量大,不同固废处置方式不尽相同,但均面临能耗高、二次污染大等问题.本研究从物质流及投入产出分析视角出发,构建了城市多源固废处置能量代谢分析框架及其评价指标体系,并以位于中国粤港澳大湾区唯一的国家级资源循环利用园区为例,通过设置固废单独处置、固废物质协同处置和固废物质能量耦合协同处置3种模式情景,分别从投入、产出和效率3个方面对其能量代谢特征进行综合分析和评估.结果表明,从能源消耗角度来看,物质协同处置能源消耗高出单独处置27.54%,而物质能量耦合协同处置由于实现了余热余能内部回用,其能源消耗较单独处置减少了3.73%.从能量损失情况来看,通过物质协同和物质能量耦合协同,能量损失率从单独处置模式下的73.17%分别降到了65.82%和63.41%,其中废气赋存作为主要能量损失途径占比接近50.00%.从能效角度来看,物质能量耦合协同模式下,能源消耗强度比单独处置和物质协同处置模式下分别降低了11.54%和17.03%,但其能量循环利用率也仅仅只达到了12.22%.综上所述,加强城市多源固废集中化协同处置,可以增强其资源能源替代效应,降低区域生态环境风险,但各种低温烟气及废水的余热利用仍是未来我国固废协同处置下能碳双控的重要方向.同时本研究为城市多源固废处置能量代谢优化过程提供了一套可量化评估的方法和指标体系,将有助于促进我国城市固废综合利用行业绿色低碳循环发展目标的进一步实现.