反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件传热计算分析及屏蔽材料试验研究

目的 确保华龙一号HPR1000反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件在运行工况下的可靠性、安全性以及能够有效执行其功能。方法 采用基于传热理论结合经验公式的理论计算方法,以及流固耦合的有限元仿真分析,对辐射屏蔽组件的运行温度进行计算。针对屏蔽材料在受热状态下的性质变化,进行一系列的热态性质试验。结果 理论计算方法得到的结果为163.36~168.74 ℃,有限元仿真分析得到的结果为236.85~266.85 ℃,两者偏差约100 ℃。对造成该种差异的原因进行了分析,发现仿真分析方法得到的结果的置信度更高。屏蔽材料在受热状态下,其体积膨胀率可达到38.82%,而当屏蔽材料受热超过其温度限值204 ℃后,将出现明显的粉化等物理状态恶化的趋势。结论 流固耦合的有限元仿真分析方法更适用于辐射屏蔽组件的传热过程计算,同时获取了屏蔽材料物理性状受热变化趋势,对屏蔽组件的选材及结构设计具有指导意义。     

Porous materials produced from incineration ash using thermal plasma technology

This study presents a novel thermal plasma melting technique for neutralizing and recycling municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash residues. MSWI ash residues were converted into water-quenched vitrified slag using plasma vitrification, which is environmentally benign. Slag is adopted as a raw material in producing porous materials for architectural and decorative applications, eliminating the problem of its disposal. Porous materials are produced using water-quenched vitrified slag with Portland cement and foaming agent. The true density, bulk density, porosity and water absorption ratio of the foamed specimens are studied here by varying the size of the slag particles, the water-to-solid ratio, and the ratio of the weights of the core materials, including the water-quenched vitrified slag and cement. The thermal conductivity and flexural strength of porous panels are also determined. The experimental results show the bulk density and the porosity of the porous materials are 0.9–1.2 g cm^?3 and 50–60%, respectively, and the pore structure has a closed form. The thermal conductivity of the porous material is 0.1946 W m^?1 K^?1. Therefore, the slag composite materials are lightweight and thermal insulators having considerable potential for building applications.     

Vanadium metabolism investigation using substance flow and scenario analysis

Vanadium is a vital strategic resource, and vanadium metabolism is an important part of the national socio-economic system of China. This study conducts accounting and scenario analysis on the life cycle of vanadium metabolism in China. Based on the character- istics of vanadium life cycle and substance flow analysis （SFA） framework, we present a quantitative evaluation of a static anthropogenic vanadium life cycle for the year 2010. Results show that anthropogenic vanadium consumption, stocks, and new domestic scrap are at 98.2, 21.2, and 4.1 kt, respectively; new scrap is usually discarded. The overall utilization ratio of vanadium is 32.2%. A large amount of vanadium is stockpiled into tailings, debris, slags, and other spent solids. A scenario analysis was conducted to analyze the future developmental trend of vanadium metabolism in China based on the SFA frame- work and the qualitative analysis of technology advance- ment and socio-economic development. The baseline year was set as 2010. Several indicators were proposed to simulate different scenarios from 2010 to 2030. The scenario analysis indicates that the next 20 years is a critical period for the vanadium industry in China. This paper discusses relevant policies that contribute to the improvement of sustainable vanadium utilization in China.     

覆膜滤料过滤性能的试验研究

对覆膜滤料与普通（渗膜）滤料的过滤性能进行了试验研究,结果显示：与普通滤料相比,覆膜滤料具有过滤效率高、运行阻力低、使用寿命长等特点。覆膜滤料的过滤性能更佳,更能满足烟尘过滤的要求。     

Material flow analysis for a sustainable resource management in island ecosystems

The Galapagos Archipelago (Ecuador) is one of the most well-known natural sites in the world for its unique biodiversity. This sensitive ecosystem is at risk due to a problematic equilibrium between its conservation policy and development demand. To contribute to implementing integrated sustainable resource management in the Galapagos Islands, a material flow analysis (MFA) of Santa Cruz – the island with the highest anthropic pressure in the archipelago – has been performed, outlining a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the direct flow of goods throughout the system. MFA outcomes have been used to evaluate and forecast the impact of some policies and strategies on the local system, focusing in particular on fossil fuel consumption and local agricultural production. This case study stresses the need to introduce a local MFA protocol to decision-makers’ toolbox, as it provides quantitative assessments on a broad spectrum of local development issues.     

Lung subcellular fractions and surfactant lipid metabolism of rats exposed with DDT or endosulfan intratracheally

Abstract

The effect of intracheally administered DDT (5 mg/100 g body weight) or endosulfan (1 mg/100 g body weight) for three cosecutive days have been studied on lipid metabolism of rat lung subcellular fractions. Both the insecticides did not affect the lung weight and the protein contents of microsomes, lamellar bodies and surfactant but significantly increased the phospholipid contents of microsomal and surfactant system. Most of the neutral lipid components of lung subcellular fractions were also increased by DDT or endosulfan treatments, except that of surfactant triglycerides which were decreased by DDT treatment. DDT or endosulfan both increased the incorporation of radioactive [methyl‐³H]choline into microsomal phosphatidylcholine (PC) and surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) without affecting the incorporation of radioactive [methyl‐¹⁴C]methionine, showing the increased synthesis of PC via CDPcholine pathway. The results presented in this communication showed that DDT and endosulfan, the two different chloroinsecticides have similar effects on microsomal lipid metabolism but produce different biochemical manifestations on the secretion of surfactant phospholipids.     

丹江口库区表层浮游细菌群落组成与PICRUSt功能预测分析

浮游细菌是水生生态系统的重要组成部分,是水体中氮素生物地球化学循环的主要驱动力.本研究于2016年5月采集丹江口库区库心和渠首2个生态位点表层水样,采用16S r DNA Miseq高通量测序技术研究其群落组成,发现其主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门等12门、139属细菌组成,渠首样品浮游细菌群落多样性高于库心样品. PICRUSt功能预测分析表明,浮游细菌涉及氨基酸运输和代谢、转录、能量产生和转换等24个基因功能家族,表现出功能上的丰富性.其中35个参与氮代谢的KO(表示通路)中库心高于渠首为20个,渠首高于库心的为15个.两样品中检测到涉及固氮作用(nif H)、硝化作用(hao)、反硝化作用(nar G、nir K、nor B、nos Z)、氮同化还原及异化还原作用(nas A、nar B、nap A、nir A、nir B、nrf A)参与氮循环的关键基因相对丰度.综合基因功能家族预测基因拷贝数和氮循环相关基因丰度分析,丹江口库区库浮游细菌氮代谢能力整体趋势为库心高于渠首.本研究从细菌群落组成、功能角度初步分析了丹江口库区不同生态位点氮循环的差异,为丹江口水库水环境保护提供了参考依据.     

吸波材料反射率的现场测量方法

通过对微波暗室中安装在墙壁上的吸波材料反射率的现场测量方法的研究,采用矢量网络分析仪对吸波材料反射率进行现场测量时,利用时域门技术来减小暗室现场对吸波材料反射率测量的影响,通过比较标准金属板和吸波材料的测量值得到吸波材料的反射率。     

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted modification of g-C3N4/Ag2O/TiO2-NRs composite enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma applied as surface treatment technology was employed for the modification of Ag₂O and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) powders. Subsequently, the pretreated powders were sequentially loaded onto TiO₂ nanorods (TiO₂-NRs) via electro-deposition, followed by calcination at N₂ atmosphere. The results indicated that at the optimal plasma discharge time of 5 min for modification of g-C₃N₄ and Ag₂O, photocurrent density of ternary composite was 6 times to bare TiO₂-NRs under UV-visible light irradiation. Phenol was degraded by using DBD plasma-modified g-C₃N₄/Ag₂O/TiO₂-NRs electrode to analyze the photoelectrocatalytic performance. The removal rate of phenol for g-C₃N₄-5/Ag₂O-5/TiO₂-NRs electrode was about 3.07 times to that for TiO₂-NRs electrode. During active species scavengers’ analysis, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidation active species for pollutants degradation. A possible electron-hole separation and transfer mechanism of ternary composite with high photoelectrocatalytic performance was proposed.     

典型室内公共场所灰尘中PBDEs污染特征及源解析

为探索以多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）为代表的半挥发性有机化合物在典型室内公共场所中的污染特征及与材料的关系,在网咖、电子市场、建材市场、商场和图书城5类典型公共场所采集分析了灰尘样品,利用环境模拟舱研究了不同污染源材料中PBDEs的挥发强度系数（K_vsPBDEs）、衰减半衰期,结合主成分分析（PCA）分析了PBDEs的浓度与不同室内材料间的关系.结果表明,杭州5类典型室内公共场所灰尘中∑₁₄PBDEs的平均值分别为：网咖（2471.75ng/g）>电子市场（1071.77ng/g）>建材市场（900.63ng/g）>商场（441.27ng/g）>图书城（243.36ng/g）.所选取的10种室内典型污染源材料中∑₁₄PBDEs含量最高的为保温棉（91.61μg/g）,最低的为电路板（7.97μg/g）;K_vsPBDEs最高的为电线[14.04×10⁴μg/（g·m²）],最低的是纤维墙纸[0.87×10⁴μg/（g·m²）];塑料地毯、保温棉和纤维墙纸在40℃下的衰减半衰期分别为192,375和61d.研究发现室内公共场所中PBDEs的浓度与不同材料有关：网咖中PBDEs主要来自于纤维墙纸和电线;超市和图书城中PBDEs主要来自于陶瓷阻燃布和混纺地毯;建材市场中PBDEs主要来自于保温棉、电路板和塑料墙纸;电子市场中PBDEs主要来自于纤维阻燃布和电线.