乙酰辅酶A羧化酶:脂肪酸代谢的关键酶及其基因克隆研究进展

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACC)在脂肪酸合成和分解代谢中发挥着重要作用.系统介绍了该酶的结构与分类、生物学作用与应用、抑制剂的类型与作用机理以及基因克隆4个方面的进展.ACC在大多数原核生物中为多亚基型酶,而在大多数真核生物中为多功能型单亚基酶,在天蓝色链霉菌和古菌勤奋金属球菌中为另外两种特殊类型;但都具备3个关键的功能域,即生物素羧化酶(BC)、生物素羧基载体蛋白(BCCP)和羧基转移酶(CT).CT功能域作为潜在的靶标广泛应用于植物除草剂的筛选和哺乳动物肥胖、糖尿病等代谢疾病的药物设计中.ACC基因也成为转基因油料作物和生物柴油研究中重要的靶标基因.研究表明,植物质体中的β-CT亚基是多亚基型ACC的限制因子,而BCCP是脂肪酸合成的负调控因子.油脂的合成代谢十分复杂,且存在反馈抑制机制,因此克隆和表达ACC基因可以提高宿主中ACC的活性,但不一定能显著促进脂肪酸的积累.图2参52     

改进遗传算法在污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值确定中的应用

构建了基于模糊聚类的改进遗传算法（简称FMGA）,用于污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值的确定。FMGA的数值仿真结果表明,该算法能有效避免早熟收敛,能在较短时间内获取指标权值并且运算过程稳定。最后,将FMGA用于确定三峡库区城镇污水处理工艺优选决策指标的权值。结果表明,经济（0．2602）〉技术（0．2094）〉能耗（0．...     

采用不同滑面材料的滑坡模型试验研究

为研究滑坡模型试验中不同材料模拟滑带土对模型稳定性的影响,以堆载为试验方法,以位移计为主要的测试手段,进行了采用草木灰、单层塑料薄膜、双层塑料薄膜作为滑面材料的两种工况5组模型试验。通过增加模型上的堆载,增大滑体的下滑力,使滑体最终发生滑动。根据试验的初始稳定状态、最终稳定状态及监测到的模型位移曲线,确定滑坡的极限平衡状态;同时根据最终加载量,反算出滑带土模拟材料的相似抗剪强度;得出不同滑面材料的稳定性及相似抗剪强度,为滑坡支挡模型试验提供试验基础。     

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望(Ⅰ):材料、力学特性

综述了铁磁形状记忆合金(Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA)在材料研制和热磁力学特性方面的研究现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析并指出其发展方向.在材料研发方面,介绍了新型合金、Ni-Mn-Ga-X系列合金、复合材料和Ni2MnGa系列合金;在热磁力学特性方面,介绍了形状记忆效...     

新型封孔材料的性能研究及封孔长度计算

研究聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透性能和粘结性能,旨在为煤矿瓦斯抽放和煤层注水工艺提供本质安全型的封孔材料,从而提高瓦斯抽放和煤层注水的效果,做好瓦斯、煤尘灾害的预防工作。根据达西定律设计材料渗流量的测试实验,将测定的数据进行线性拟合后,得出聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透系数为1.00546×10-6cm/s;通过材料的抗压剪切力测试,得出聚氨酯硬泡与煤的粘结强度为387.95kPa;根据封孔模拟实验结果,选择压注药液法作为封孔方法,并根据钻孔受力平衡原则,计算得出由聚氨酯硬泡作为封孔材料的封孔长度至少为0.967m。     

A review on the formation of titania nanotube photocatalysts by hydrothermal treatment

Titania nanotubes are gaining prominence in photocatalysis, owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and widespread availability. They are easily produced by a simple and effective hydrothermal method under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and analyzes the mechanism of titania nanotube formation by hydrothermal treatment. It further examines the parameters that affect the formation of titania nanotubes, such as starting material, sonication pretreatment, hydrothermal temperature, washing process, and calcination process. Finally, the effects of the presence of dopants on the formation of titania nanotubes are analyzed.     

驻极体空气过滤材料在呼吸防护用品中的应用

本文主要介绍了驻极体空气过滤材料在呼吸防护用品中的应用、制备以及抗菌性能、耐清洗性能、耐溶剂性能、稳定性等性能特性,并说明驻极体空气过滤材料是一类非常有应用前景的呼吸防护用品材料。     

基于ANSYS对车用全复合材料CNG气瓶的安全研究

基于车用全复合材料CNG气瓶近年发生爆炸事故和定期检验中合格率偏低,主要问题在于气瓶内胆存在裂纹、开裂等缺陷。应用ANSYS有限元软件对现役全复合材料气瓶进行模拟,采用自上而下的建模方法,对全复合材料CNG气瓶进行建模,计算、分析全复合材料CNG气瓶在工作压力、试验压力、爆破压力下的应力、应变分布。模拟计算结论为现役全复合材料CNG气瓶出现的裂纹、开裂等缺陷与内胆材料强度不足和气瓶结构设计密切相关。全复合材料CNG气瓶的设计制造阶段要充分考虑内胆材料强度,合理选材,进一步完善气瓶瓶身与瓶阀过渡区域的结构设计,提出改进检验工艺方案。     

Generating better energy indicators: Addressing the existence of multiple scales and multiple dimensions

High energy prices and the growing concern for “Peak Oil” have put energy analysis, once again, on the front burner. However, before speculating about possible roadmaps regarding our energy future, it would be wise to develop better quantitative analyses. This paper flags the existence of systemic epistemological flaws in the current use of aggregate energy indicators and presents an alternative approach capable of dealing with the issue of multiple dimensions and multiple scales. Starting from a critical appraisal of the aggregate indicator “Economic Energy Intensity” it shows that economic and biophysical variables are often correlated and that their value is determined by characteristics which can only observed across different levels and scales. Complex metabolic systems (systems that use energy to maintain and reproduce themselves) are operating simultaneously at different scales. This implies that changes in the characteristics of parts, defined at the local scale, and changes in the characteristics of the whole, defined at the large scale can only be obtained after establishing a scaling mechanism in the analysis. In order to deal with the issue of scale in energy accounting, we propose to make a distinction between three different categories: (i) primary energy sources (PES) - establishing a link between energy quantities and the associated requirement of biophysical gradients, at the large scale, on the interface black-box/context; (ii) energy carriers (EC) - defining the set of energy inputs required by technical devices for expressing useful functions, at the local scale, within the parts operating inside the black-box; (iii) end uses (EU) the set of functions to be expressed by society across hierarchical levels for reproducing itself. Finally, the paper presents examples of quantitative results obtained using an innovative method of analysis - Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM). We conclude that by using this new accounting method it is possible to generate a better understanding of external and internal constraints determining the desirability and viability of the metabolic pattern of societies.     

一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺污泥膨胀发生和恢复过程中微生物群落演替及PICRUSt2功能预测分析

以中试规模的一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化(CPNA)工艺为研究对象,通过对其污泥膨胀发生和恢复过程中活性污泥的16S rRNA高通量测序数据进行数据挖掘和分析,结合PISCRUSt2功能预测分析,旨在揭示一体式CPNA工艺污泥膨胀和恢复不同阶段的微生物群落变化及氮、碳代谢特征.结果表明,污泥膨胀和恢复过程中微生物α多样性呈先上升后下降趋势,污泥膨胀阶段氮素转化菌属Nitrosomonas、Candidatus＿Brocadia和Thauera相对丰度分别从12.36%、 11.86%和0.272%下降至5.97%、 8.30%和0.061%,而Candidatus Kuenenia相对丰度保持稳定,丝状菌Levilinea、Longilinea和Turicibacter相对丰度分别从0.031%、 0.018%和0.009%上升至0.055%、 0.025%和0.033%. PICRUSt2功能预测分析结果表明,总共有47个参与氮代谢的功能酶基因,其中硝化、反硝化、异化性硝酸盐还原(DNRA)、同化硝酸盐还原(ANRA)和固氮反应的功能酶基因相对丰度均发生了变化.污泥膨胀阶段,部分亚硝...