新型封孔材料的性能研究及封孔长度计算

研究聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透性能和粘结性能,旨在为煤矿瓦斯抽放和煤层注水工艺提供本质安全型的封孔材料,从而提高瓦斯抽放和煤层注水的效果,做好瓦斯、煤尘灾害的预防工作。根据达西定律设计材料渗流量的测试实验,将测定的数据进行线性拟合后,得出聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透系数为1.00546×10-6cm/s;通过材料的抗压剪切力测试,得出聚氨酯硬泡与煤的粘结强度为387.95kPa;根据封孔模拟实验结果,选择压注药液法作为封孔方法,并根据钻孔受力平衡原则,计算得出由聚氨酯硬泡作为封孔材料的封孔长度至少为0.967m。     

A review on the formation of titania nanotube photocatalysts by hydrothermal treatment

Titania nanotubes are gaining prominence in photocatalysis, owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and widespread availability. They are easily produced by a simple and effective hydrothermal method under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and analyzes the mechanism of titania nanotube formation by hydrothermal treatment. It further examines the parameters that affect the formation of titania nanotubes, such as starting material, sonication pretreatment, hydrothermal temperature, washing process, and calcination process. Finally, the effects of the presence of dopants on the formation of titania nanotubes are analyzed.     

驻极体空气过滤材料在呼吸防护用品中的应用

本文主要介绍了驻极体空气过滤材料在呼吸防护用品中的应用、制备以及抗菌性能、耐清洗性能、耐溶剂性能、稳定性等性能特性,并说明驻极体空气过滤材料是一类非常有应用前景的呼吸防护用品材料。     

基于ANSYS对车用全复合材料CNG气瓶的安全研究

基于车用全复合材料CNG气瓶近年发生爆炸事故和定期检验中合格率偏低,主要问题在于气瓶内胆存在裂纹、开裂等缺陷。应用ANSYS有限元软件对现役全复合材料气瓶进行模拟,采用自上而下的建模方法,对全复合材料CNG气瓶进行建模,计算、分析全复合材料CNG气瓶在工作压力、试验压力、爆破压力下的应力、应变分布。模拟计算结论为现役全复合材料CNG气瓶出现的裂纹、开裂等缺陷与内胆材料强度不足和气瓶结构设计密切相关。全复合材料CNG气瓶的设计制造阶段要充分考虑内胆材料强度,合理选材,进一步完善气瓶瓶身与瓶阀过渡区域的结构设计,提出改进检验工艺方案。     

Generating better energy indicators: Addressing the existence of multiple scales and multiple dimensions

High energy prices and the growing concern for “Peak Oil” have put energy analysis, once again, on the front burner. However, before speculating about possible roadmaps regarding our energy future, it would be wise to develop better quantitative analyses. This paper flags the existence of systemic epistemological flaws in the current use of aggregate energy indicators and presents an alternative approach capable of dealing with the issue of multiple dimensions and multiple scales. Starting from a critical appraisal of the aggregate indicator “Economic Energy Intensity” it shows that economic and biophysical variables are often correlated and that their value is determined by characteristics which can only observed across different levels and scales. Complex metabolic systems (systems that use energy to maintain and reproduce themselves) are operating simultaneously at different scales. This implies that changes in the characteristics of parts, defined at the local scale, and changes in the characteristics of the whole, defined at the large scale can only be obtained after establishing a scaling mechanism in the analysis. In order to deal with the issue of scale in energy accounting, we propose to make a distinction between three different categories: (i) primary energy sources (PES) - establishing a link between energy quantities and the associated requirement of biophysical gradients, at the large scale, on the interface black-box/context; (ii) energy carriers (EC) - defining the set of energy inputs required by technical devices for expressing useful functions, at the local scale, within the parts operating inside the black-box; (iii) end uses (EU) the set of functions to be expressed by society across hierarchical levels for reproducing itself. Finally, the paper presents examples of quantitative results obtained using an innovative method of analysis - Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM). We conclude that by using this new accounting method it is possible to generate a better understanding of external and internal constraints determining the desirability and viability of the metabolic pattern of societies.     

一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺污泥膨胀发生和恢复过程中微生物群落演替及PICRUSt2功能预测分析

以中试规模的一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化(CPNA)工艺为研究对象,通过对其污泥膨胀发生和恢复过程中活性污泥的16S rRNA高通量测序数据进行数据挖掘和分析,结合PISCRUSt2功能预测分析,旨在揭示一体式CPNA工艺污泥膨胀和恢复不同阶段的微生物群落变化及氮、碳代谢特征.结果表明,污泥膨胀和恢复过程中微生物α多样性呈先上升后下降趋势,污泥膨胀阶段氮素转化菌属Nitrosomonas、Candidatus＿Brocadia和Thauera相对丰度分别从12.36%、 11.86%和0.272%下降至5.97%、 8.30%和0.061%,而Candidatus Kuenenia相对丰度保持稳定,丝状菌Levilinea、Longilinea和Turicibacter相对丰度分别从0.031%、 0.018%和0.009%上升至0.055%、 0.025%和0.033%. PICRUSt2功能预测分析结果表明,总共有47个参与氮代谢的功能酶基因,其中硝化、反硝化、异化性硝酸盐还原(DNRA)、同化硝酸盐还原(ANRA)和固氮反应的功能酶基因相对丰度均发生了变化.污泥膨胀阶段,部分亚硝...     

LncRNA PU.1 AS regulates arsenic-induced lipid metabolism through EZH2/Sirt6/SREBP-1c pathway

Arsenic (As) is an omnipresent metalloid toxicant, which has elicited serious environmental pollution and health risky problems. Previous studies have uncovered that the As exposure could also cause markedly reduction of serum triglycerides in mice. However, the regulation mechanisms are still largely unknown. The present study is aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in As-induced lipid metabolic disequilibrium. We demonstrated that lncRNA PU.1 AS was significantly induced in the liver of As-feed mice companied with lower serum triglycerides contents; further in vitro experiment confirmed that PU.1 AS regulated liver cells lipid accumulation by nile red fluorescence staining. Intensive mechanistic investigations illustrated that PU.1 AS could interact with EZH2 protein to regulate its downstream target gene expression, and As-induced PU.1 AS attenuated EZH2-supppressed Sirt6 expression, thereafter leading to a decreased SREBP-1c protein expression, as well as the diminished synthesis of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study provided a new lncRNA-related regulatory signaling pathway participating in As-induced abnormal lipid metabolism.     

微米炭介导下4-硝基氯苯的还原-氧化耦合修复

针对土壤和地下水中难以去除的污染物4-硝基氯苯(4CNB),本文提出了微米级活性炭(MAC)介导的先还原后氧化的耦合修复工艺.通过序批实验、密度泛函分析、电子顺磁共振分析等手段研究了MAC表面性质、温度对强化硫化物还原4CNB的影响,探究了4CNB还原-氧化反应机理.结果表明在MAC介导下,4CNB可能发生了热力学有利的双电子还原过程,并且MAC对污染物的吸附富集作用减轻硫化物对过硫酸盐氧化过程的影响,高效去除了难以被硫化物还原和过硫酸盐氧化的4CNB.MAC强化下,4CNB还原速率相比单独硫化物作还原剂时提高8～82倍,35℃以上反应4h其降解率超99%.当4CNB还原为4-氯苯胺(CAN)后在炭表面经自由基氧化和过硫酸盐直接氧化去除.本研究提出了一种新的微米炭介导的4CNB还原-氧化耦合修复路线,为利用热处理工艺余热,实现低能耗、低成本修复4CNB污染土壤和地下水提供了新的思路.     

二噁英等POPs现场监测的部分问题探讨

采用真空密封包装保存持久性有机污染物（POPs）采样吸附材料,优化试验条件后,通过生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的现场监测验证方法的可行性。结果表明,真空密封保存8 d内多环芳烃的空白值与15 d内二噁英的空白值均符合标准要求;在烟气温度135 ℃~225 ℃条件下采集固定污染源烟气时,宜将冷却水循环装置冷却水温度控制在25 ℃以内,该条件下,不同容量的冷却水循环装置及不同水温对气相吸附柱温度影响较小,对二噁英测定结果无明显影响。     

基于膨润土的阻隔帷幕材料研究现状

作为一种高效的吸附剂,膨润土不仅广泛应用于污水处理领域,也广泛应用于阻隔帷幕中.阻隔帷幕中加入膨润土能有效降低阻隔帷幕的渗透系数或提升阻隔帷幕对目标污染物的吸附阻隔性能,使阻隔帷幕具有高膨胀性和吸附性.通过对基于膨润土的阻隔帷幕材料的研究现状进行梳理,结果表明:基于膨润土的阻隔帷幕材料的改性研究是热点,其中如何有效利用...