低浓度甲醛促进K562细胞增殖的分子机制探究

低浓度甲醛(Formaldehyde,FA)可以促进细胞增殖.本实验选用K562细胞为实验对象,用不同浓度的甲醛溶液处理细胞,探究其中可能存在的分子机制.测定细胞活力及胞内氧化损伤程度后,发现当甲醛浓度为75μmol·L~(-1)时,细胞增殖率上升(p0.05或p0.01),Warburg效应中的丙酮酸激酶M2型同工酶(PKM2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、葡萄糖和乳酸含量上升(p0.05);此外,细胞周期调控因子Cyclin D-cdk4与转录因子E2F1含量也上升(p0.05).同时,细胞内氧化损伤加强,其中活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量上升(p0.01),还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)下降(p0.05).然而,在加入抗氧化剂VE后,氧化损伤程度减弱,细胞增殖率降低,PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA、葡萄糖、乳酸,Cyclin D-cdk4、E2F1含量均下降.结果表明低浓度甲醛可能通过氧化应激诱导Warburg效应和影响细胞周期调控因子两条途径促进细胞的增殖.     

DIDP通过线粒体-Caspase途径诱导昆明小鼠肝脏损伤的研究

为探究DIDP（Di-iso-decyl phthalate,邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯）对肝脏的影响及其可能的分子机制,以昆明小鼠为研究对象,选用Res（resveratrol,白藜芦醇）为抗氧化剂,分别设置对照组,0.15、1.5、15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组,Res组,150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP+Res组,灌胃染毒9 d后,对小鼠肝脏切片进行HE染色观察,并检测ROS（reactive oxygen,活性氧）、GSH（glutathione,谷胱甘肽）、MDA（malondialdehyde,丙二醛）、Cyt-C（cytochromec,细胞色素C）、Caspase-3和血清中的ALT（alanine aminotransferase,丙氨酸氨基转移酶）含量.结果表明:与对照组相比,15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠血清中ALT含量极显著上升（P < 0.01）;HE染色结果显示,15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠出现肝细胞水肿、肝索紊乱、肝窦以及肝中央静脉扩张等现象;15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠肝脏ROS含量显著上升（P < 0.05）,GSH含量显著下降（P < 0.05）,150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠肝脏MDA含量极显著上升（P < 0.01）;1.5、15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠肝脏中c（Cyt-C）极显著上升（P < 0.01）;15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP组小鼠肝脏中Caspase-3表达量极显著上升（P < 0.01）.DIDP染毒剂量的增加对肝脏的各种损伤程度呈上升趋势,Res可减轻上述DIDP对肝脏造成的各种损伤.研究显示,15、150 mg/（kg·d）DIDP可诱导肝脏组织氧化应激水平上升,进而造成线粒体损伤,导致细胞凋亡,造成肝功能受损,因此,线粒体-Caspase途径可能是DIDP诱导肝脏损伤的潜在机制之一.      

One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at a 2-cm interval in a core sample from the middle of the southern Yellow Sea for elucidating their historical variations in inflow and sources. The chronology was obtained using the 210Pb method. PAHs concentrations decreased generally with depth and two climax values occurred in 14–16 cm and 20–22 cm layers, demonstrating that the production and usage of PAHs might reach peaks in the periods of 1956–1962...     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件研究

采用单因素及正交方法,以微生物含量为主要检测指标,研究红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的工艺条件。探讨了接菌量、发酵培养基中废液含量、发酵时间、发酵pH值、氮源等因素对单细胞蛋白产量的影响。结果表明,红霉素废液发酵生产蛋白的适宜条件为:发酵培养基中废液含量20%,接菌量6%,pH=6,发酵时间72h。     

密闭环境空调系统二次污染问题研究

密闭环境空调系统存在一系列特殊的室内空气品质问题.详细介绍了密闭空间空调系统二次污染的现状、对人员健康的影响、控制措施.提出2种解决空调系统二次污染问题的思路:终点控制和起点控制.终点控制措施和起点控制措各有其优点及缺点,适用范围也不一样.潜艇、深水工作船、宇宙飞船等密闭空间空调系统要根治二次污染问题,必须起点控制和终点控制相结合,在工程实践中逐步摸索出适用的方法.     

东莞市不同产业类型城镇周边菜地土壤重金属污染研究

文章为了分析东莞市在快速工业化和城市化情况下城镇周边菜地重金属积累现状、污染程度及其分布特点,对东莞市6个镇区46个菜地样地土壤重金属进行了调查、检测和分析。结果发现Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb检测值大都超过广东省背景值,而cd污染最重,67．4％的样地综合污染已经超过了警戒水平。研究发现菜地土壤重金属污染虽然有某种复合型,但程度较弱,检测元素大多没有关联性,结果也表明Zn、Cu、Cd和Cr的分布不受镇区位置的影响,而可能更多是受采样点微环境的影响。     

氮对酵母菌-SBR系统效能及酵母形态的影响研究

在酵母菌-SBR系统处理高含油废水中研究了氮添加对酵母细胞形态、沉降性、废水处理效果的影响及恢复能力.结果表明,氮添加量直接影响到系统中酵母菌的生物量,沉降性、pH和处理效果;氮缺乏诱发某些酵母菌菌株细胞由酵母形态向真菌丝形态转化,进而影响到酵母菌的沉降性;从系统运行效果和稳定性方面综合考虑,运行时最佳的进水BOD/N为20/1;恢复最佳氮添加能提高不同程度缺氮系统的处理效果,并可使轻度菌丝化系统快速恢复酵母形态为主,但在短期内对高度菌丝化系统的恢复效果不明显.     

从废水中回收沼气能及氢能与电能

厌氧发酵制沼气、厌氧发酵制氢和微生物燃料电池技术是利用微生物在废水处理的同时回收能源的三种主要方式。文章结合相关研究现状,介绍了这三种技术的基本原理及其在废水处理领域的发展状况和展望,并对三种生物能源进行了比较。     

Quantum dots enhance Cu2+-induced hepatic L02 cells toxicity

As a new class of xenogenous nanoparticle,quantum dots (QDs) possess the potential to co-exist with Cu2+ in human liver.The combined toxicity is thus concerned.Considering QDs and Cu2+ are known ROS (reactive oxygen species) inducer,we investigated the combined oxidative stress and corresponding protective strategy using human hepatic L02 cells.The results demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of MPA-CdTe QDs (2 μg/mL) in a Cu2+ solution (2.5-20 μg/mL) resulted in a higher toxicity with up to 8-fold cell viability decrease,which was accompanied by cell morphology changes.The combined toxicity was then confirmed as ROS associated oxidative stress with up to 300% and 35% increase of the intracellular ROS level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity,respectively.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can also provide almost complete protection against the induced toxicity.Therefore,the ROS associated oxidant injury might be responsible for the QDs-Cu2+/Cu2+ induced toxicity and could be balanced through cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme GST.