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481.
土壤重金属污染治理措施综述 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在阐述土壤环境重金属污染特点的基础上,介绍了近年来国内外采用的各种土壤重金属污染的治理措施,按治理方式归纳为四类:工程措施、生物措施、农业措施和改良措施.分别阐述了各类措施的适用条件、范围、效果和费用.同时,对今后的治理研究提出了一些见解. 相似文献
482.
Impact of Gold mining on the Environment and Human Health: A Case Study in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jason S. Ogola Winnie V. Mitullah Monica A. Omulo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(2):141-157
The study of gold sites in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya, revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Pb and As are above acceptable levels. Tailings at the panning sites recorded values of 6.5–510 mg kg–1 Pb, 0.06–76.0 mg kg–1 As and 0.46–1920 mg kg–1 Hg. Stream sediments had values of 3.0–11075 mg kg–1 Pb, 0.014–1.87 mg kg–1 As and 0.28–348 mg kg–1 Hg. The highest metal contamination was recorded in sediments from the Macalder stream (11075 mg kg–1 Pb), Nairobi mine tailings (76.0 mg kg–1 As) and Mickey tailings (1920 mg kg–1 Hg). Mercury has a long residence time in the environment and this makes its emissions from artisan mining a threat to health. Inhaling large amounts of siliceous dust, careless handling of mercury during gold panning and Au/Hg amalgam processing, existence of water logged pits and trenches; and large number of miners sharing poor quality air in the mines are the major causes of health hazards among miners. The amount of mercury used by miners for gold amalgamation during peak mining periods varies from 150 to 200 kg per month. Out of this, about 40% are lost during panning and 60% lost during heating Au/Hg amalgam. The use of pressure burners to weaken the reef is a deadly mining procedure as hot particles of Pb, As and other sulphide minerals burn the body. Burns become septic. This, apparently, leads to death within 2–3 years. On-site training of miners on safe mining practices met with enthusiasm and acceptance. The use of dust masks, air filters and heavy chemical gloves during mining and mineral processing were readily accepted. Miners were thus advised to purchase such protective gear, and to continue using them for the sake of their health. The miners' workshop, which was held at the end of the project is likely to bear fruit. The Migori District Commissioner and other Government officials, including medical officers attended this workshop. As a result of this, the Government is seriously considering setting up a clinic at Masara, which is one of the mining centres in the district. This would improve the health of the mining community. 相似文献
483.
叶面施硅对水稻籽实重金属积累的抑制效应 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
采用盆栽方法,以硅酸钠和正硅酸乙酯为硅源分别配制纳米硅制剂,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种"优优128"为供试植物,在Cd(5mg·kg-1、10mg·kg-1、50mg·kg-1三个水平)、Pb(200mg·kg-1)、Cu(250mg·kg-1)、Zn(300mg·kg-1)复合污染土壤进行种植,在水稻生长期内(苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期)进行叶面喷施纳米硅,研究纳米硅对水稻籽实生长状况及吸收重金属元素的影响,并对两种不同硅源的纳米硅的使用效果进行了比较。结果表明,随Cd污染质量分数增加,水稻百粒质量及单株穗质量均显著降低(P<0.01);Cd、Pb、Zn在籽实中质量分数均增高,而Cu在籽实中质量分数降低。金属元素在籽实中的吸收系数顺序为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,表明Cd极易向籽实中迁移。随土壤Cd质量分数增加,水稻籽实中各金属元素的积累量都有所降低。重金属复合污染条件下,叶面施用两种硅制剂均可以缓解水稻的毒害效应,且和施无机硅相比,施有机硅对水稻重金属毒害的缓解效果更显著。表现为叶面施用硅后,水稻百粒质量及单株穗质量均显著提高(P<0.05);且籽实中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的吸收量在喷施硅制剂后均显著降低(P<0.05);籽实中重金属元素的吸收系数和积累量均表现出降低的趋势。尤其是随着Cd处理质量分数的增高,施硅对重金属在籽实中积累的抑制效应越显著。这表明叶面施硅在重金属污染的水稻田污染防治中具有应用价值。文章所用的纳米硅制剂,制备简单,对于大面积推广硅肥极为有利。 相似文献
484.
485.
Gon Ok Sung-Hee Ji Sang-Jo Kim Young-Kyo Kim Ji-Hoon Park Young-Seup Kim Young-Ho Han 《Chemosphere》2002,46(9-10)
The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea. 相似文献
486.
487.
488.
铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿模拟染料废水的方法,研究了曝气时间、pH值、废水体积以及曝气时间与pH值的交互作用对处理结果的影响。试验结果表明,在曝气时间40min,pH=9,废水体积120mL时,COD去除率和脱色率分别达到76.5%和96.5%以上,该方法比传统的铁屑法效果大大提高,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
489.
490.
Protano G Riccobono F Sabatini G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2000,110(3):451-458
Four different sampling surveys were carried out in 1998 to evaluate the possible causes of severe mercury contamination involving many wells spread over a vast territory along the coast of southern Tuscany (Italy). Several samples of groundwater and coastal sea water were collected to determine the Hg, Cl, Ar, He and N contents. Anthropogenic or deep-seated sources of the Hg involved in the contamination event can be excluded. The observed coupling of Hg pollution with progressive salt water intrusion along the coastal aquifer indicates a close causal relation between these two phenomena. 相似文献