非饱和土体变试验研究及其在地面沉降中的应用

地下水位降低将导致非饱和土体中净平均应力和基质吸力发生变化,从而引起土体体积变化。针对重塑非饱和砂土、粉土、黏土和软土,结合土水特征曲线和收缩曲线,考察了土体在干燥收缩过程中基质吸力与孔隙比的关系;运用固结曲线分析了土体在经受净平均应力下的变形特性。基于试验结果,根据Fredlund弹性体变本构模型估算了不同的地下水位降低情况时非饱和土区域的沉降量。结果表明,在总沉降量中非饱和土区域的沉降量是不可忽略的,随着地下水位的降低,非饱和土区域的沉降量在总沉降量中所占比例逐渐增大。     

抽气预处理法测定氰化物

作为水质全分析中的一项毒性含量指标，水中氰化物的测定是衡量水体中生物生存、人类饮用用水、工业生产用水安全的重要参数。但其含量监测方法水样预处理步骤繁琐、费时。论文提出用抽气预处理法测定氰化物．并通过对比试验证明，抽气法预处理法操作简便、省时、能耗小；通过在抽气过程中将整个装置处于常温负压条件下，基本解决了HCN外选、瓶爆裂等问题。论文除了对抽气法预处理一些探作条件进行了摸索并确定了最佳操作条件外还着重探讨了抽气法对复杂水体，如地表水、工厂处理后废水的适用性。     

Ⅱ824^—2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824^-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究，摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法，取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果。     

不同基模势下luxAB标记的弗氏中华根瘤菌在土壤中的存活能力

经接合转移将luxAB基因插入弗氏中华根瘤菌（Rhizobium fredii)染色体,取可高效结瘤固氮的R fredii lux3菌株用于分子生态学研究,在不同基模势下,研究了lux3在土壤中的存活,基模势为－30和－750kPa时,lux3在灭菌土中的存活能力明显（P＜0．05）高于未灭菌土,当基模势为－1500kPa时,土壤是否灭菌对lux3的存活影响没有差异,不同基模势对lux3活性影响显著,在－1500kPa的未灭菌土中随着饥饿时间的延长,可恢复活性的细菌数量显著下降,比较了测定微生物活性的3种方法（即脱氢酶活性,生物发光和微生物呼吸）,发光值变化与活细胞密度变化一致。     

Nutrient concentrations within and below root zones from applied chicken manure in selected Hawaiian soils

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chicken manure (CM) application rates on nutrient concentrations within and below the root zone of sweet corn (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) under Hawaiian conditions. The research was conducted in leeward (Poamoho) and windward (Waimanalo) areas of Oahu, Hawaii, where contrasts exist in both climatic and soil conditions. Suction cup were used to collect soil solutions from 30 and 60 cm depths. Soil solutions were collected six times during the growing season at each location and analyzed for different nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃–N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄–N), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. Analysis showed that CM rates significantly affected the concentration of macro-nutrients below the root zone at Poamoho and within the root zone at Waimanalo. In general, nutrient concentration increased with the increasing rates of CM application. There was a significant effect of CM on micro-nutrients except below the root zone at Poamoho. CM significantly affected NO₃–N concentration within the root zone for 15, 60 days after planting (DAP) at Poamoho, and 16, 28 DAP at Waimanalo. The effect was also significant on total nitrogen (N) concentration in the root zone across the two growing seasons at Waimanalo. There was a highly significant correlation between total N and NO₃–N, and EC within and below the root zone.     

GDS三轴仪的非饱和土试验操作方法

与传统三轴仪相比,GDS三轴仪有着显著的优势。对GDS三轴仪的组成部分、工作原理和试验过程中的具体操作进行了详细介绍,并应用GDS三轴仪研究了某高心墙堆石坝非饱和土填料的强度特征,得到了该土样的抗剪强度参数。     

分体式射流曝气器的试验研究

设计研制了一种新型的射流曝气器(也称分体式射流曝气器),提出了分体式设计的概念,它主要应用于小型和高浓度工业废水的实际处理工程中.在较宽的试验范围内着重研究了3个参数(长径比R₁、喉嘴比R₂和吸嘴比R₃)对吸气量的影响.结果表明:在较宽的喉嘴比范围内,吸气量存在波动,最佳喉嘴比出现的位置与混合管的长度有关;吸嘴比对吸气性能影响不大;长径比对吸气性能影响较大,最佳长径比可以在过渡区中寻找;试验结果同时也证实应用CFD数值仿真进行射流器的设计是可行的,本射流器的吸气量(900～1 100 L/min)和搅动范围均较大.     

降雨入渗对三峡库区堆积层滑坡稳定性的影响

基于三峡水库库水位调控方案和极端降雨情况,笔者利用有限元模拟库水位在175~145m波动和降雨时红石包滑坡Ⅲ的暂态渗流场,将计算得到的暂态孔隙水压力分布用于滑坡的极限平衡分析,并考虑基吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响。探讨降雨强度对滑坡稳定性的影响,并考虑暴雨与库水位骤降共同作用下滑坡的稳定性。研究表明:滑坡稳定性的影响受控于滑坡土的入渗能力和滑坡结构形态;当暴雨强度为300mm/d时,红石包滑坡Ⅲ的临界降速1m/d。其成果将为库区滑坡治理提供科学依据。     

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness and statistical optimization

In this work, the enhanced dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectiveness and statistical optimization. Response surface method （RSM） and central composite design （CCD） were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of important operational parameters, i.e., H202 concentrations, Fe2＋ concentrations and initial pH values. A significant quadratic polynomial model was obtained （R2= 0.9189） with capillary suction time （CST） reduction efficiency as the response. Numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out. The optimum values for H202, Fe2, and initial pH were found to be 178 mg-g-1 VSS （volatile suspended solids）, 211mg.gI VSS and 3.8, respectively, at which CST reduction efficiency of 98.25% could be achieved. This complied well with those predicted by the established polynomial model. The results indicate that Fenton pretreatment is an effective technique for advanced waste activated sludge dewatering. The enhancement of sludge dewaterability by Fenton＇s reagent lies in the migration of sludge bound water due to the disintegration of sludge flocs and microbial cells lysis.     

不同物理清洗方式对一体式膜生物反应器过滤特性的影响

通过考察一体式膜生物反应器运行过程中的膜污染情况和不同物理清洗方式减缓膜污染的效果,研究造成膜污染的原因和控制膜污染的方法.结果表明:膜外表面沉积污泥是造成膜污染的主要因素.空曝气减轻膜污染的作用有限,只能将归一化膜比通量从0.26提高到0.39;在活性污泥混合液中搓洗膜丝可以清除膜外表面沉积污泥层,可将归一化膜比通量从0.29提高到0.64,是一种方便而有效的清洗方式,且可在实际生产中实现.间歇式运行方式的停抽期间,最低剩余抽吸压力可以用来表征运行过程中膜过滤性能的变化.