郑州市大气监测优化布点的研究

利用物元分析法，在大气污染普查基础上，以郑州市污染最严重的季节（冬季）的数据为准，构造大气环境监测的标准物元矩阵，求出关联函数值，进行了大气监测点的优选，并与用模糊聚类选出的点位相比较，来验证郑州市目前已有测子丫建立的合理性，并以此证明物元分析法是环境监测优化布点的一种可靠的方法。     

河流水质的动态马尔柯夫评价

根据马尔柯夫过程的原理,在水质级别评价结果的基础之上,构造水质变化的概率转移矩阵,并对转移概率赋权计算绝对进步度,然后在此基础上引出相对进步度的概念,用相对进步度来评价河流水质在一段时期内的变化程度.运用该方法计算了中国四大河流2005年的水质相对进步度,并对计算结果进行了分析.     

基于PMF模型及地统计的土壤重金属健康风险定量评价

为定量评估不同土壤重金属来源带来的人体健康风险差异,选取山东省章丘市为研究区,系统采集425处土壤样品,测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种土壤重金属含量,采用描述性统计特征评估土壤重金属富集状态,进一步利用受体模型正定矩阵分解法（positive matrix factorization,PMF）和地统计技术确定土壤重金属的来源及分配,最后基于重金属来源构建健康风险定量评估模型.结果表明：①表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量均超出背景值,但未超出农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,表明土壤重金属出现一定的富集.②土壤重金属来源可分为3类,Cr和Ni的空间分布大致相当,且与风化母岩空间分布趋势相近,为自然来源,Cd、Cu和Zn受道路运输控制为交通来源,空间分布上受道路布局影响明显,Hg、Pb和As元素含量高值区与工业区城区分布相对应,工业排放和燃煤加剧Hg在土壤中的富集,属于工业来源,其来源占比最大约为41.85%,交通来源和自然来源分别为33.79%和24.36%.③不同种元素在手口、呼吸和皮肤接触暴露途径下产生的非致癌与致癌风险处于可接受范围内,儿童最大致癌（36.53%）与非致癌风险（36.01%）的重金属来源均为工业源,而交通源是成人的最大致癌（34.98%）与非致癌风险（37.06%）来源,重金属来源和暴露途径的差异化规避是降低重金属健康风险的关键.     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water by UPLC-MS/MS

The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68 to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment.     

Cf/SiC 复合材料表面 HfO2涂层的制备及其抗热冲击性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂条件下Cf/SiC复合材料表面HfO_2涂层的物相、显微组织及其抗热冲击性能。方法通过水热合成和喷雾造粒制备出HfO_2粉体,并利用等离子喷涂在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备HfO_2涂层,研究涂层的物相、显微组织和抗热冲击性能。结果水热合成的纳米HfO_2为单斜相结构,颗粒的平均粒径为10~15nm;等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层组织中存在微裂纹和孔隙,涂层为单斜相结构,且经1350℃热处理后涂层的相结构未发生改变。等离子喷涂的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,未观察到涂层、基体间界面分离的现象。经1350℃、50周次的空冷热冲击试验后,涂层未发生破坏失效;在1350℃水冷热冲击条件下,热循环20次时涂层表面出现剥落,27次时脱落面积50%。结论通过等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,涂层能够抵御1350℃空冷、50周次热冲击,且未发生破坏失效,涂层的1350℃水冷热循环寿命达27次。     

多种损伤影响下正交层合板刚度退化研究

通过对纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板的细观力学分析,建立了基体裂纹和纤维断裂2种损伤共存时正交层合板刚度退化模型.给出了纤维断裂损伤的计算方法,对正交层合板刚度退化过程进行了量化计算.结果表明,所建立的模型采用较少的几个参数即可描述层合板刚度退化过程,并与试验结果吻合较好.     

环境效应系数矩阵法及其在城市能源污染最优控制策略研究中的应用

本文详细描述了能够表示能源和环境相互作用的环境效应系数矩阵的使用方法,它的定义以及矩阵的生成。通过哈尔滨市能源污染对环境影响的综合评价专题研究,说明了它在能源转换和消费导致大气污染的最优控制策略中的应用。     

库布齐沙漠典型地区景观变化研究

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research. We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area. This study area includes four towns: ShuLinZhao, WangAiZhao, BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai. The area of cropland, fixed sand dune, woodland, residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually, while the area of semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003. On the landscape level, the patch shape tended to be regular, and the landscape pattern tended to be simple, causing the fragmentation degree, heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease. Fixed sand dune, Semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes, and residential area, cropland and wetland were the three main import classes. The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration, whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration; this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors. In addition, the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.     

现代统计信息分析技术在安全工程方面的应用——层次分析法原理

层次分析法是一种决策新技术,它利用矩阵特征值和特征向量运算,帮助人们进行群组判断,以确定某些定性变量的赋值。介绍了其基本原理及计算方法。