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111.
Huynh Ngoc Phien Anat Arbhabhirama 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(5):856-861
ABSTRACT: The effects of the selections of plotting position formulae and class division schemes on goodness of fit tests are investigated for the extreme-value type-1 distribution using annual flood and annual maximum daily rainfall data. It was found that the plotting position formulae have a minor influence on the tests which involve their use, while the class division schemes may have a pronounced effect on the X2-test. The study also recommended the maximum likelihood method for fitting purposes and a new test which is independent of the afore-mentioned selections for judging the goodness of fit. 相似文献
112.
Recruitment data for 18 marine fish stocks are smoothed using 10 parametric families of probability distributions. Comparative fit of the 10 families is assessed by means of the maximized log-likelihood. Results indicate that the gamma distribution provides an overall good fit in the right-hand tail of the data, but that some adjustment to the gamma distribution is called for in the left-hand tail. Weight functions and weighted distributions are suggested as one means of achieving the needed adjustment. 相似文献
113.
M. D. H. Prodhan Emmanouil-N. Papadakis Euphemia Papadopoulou-Mourkidou 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(9):644-653
To estimate the variability of pesticide residue levels present in cauliflower units, a total of 142 samples were collected from a field trial of a cooperative farmer, and 120 samples were collected from different market places in Thessaloniki, Greece. The collected samples were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique, and the residues were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The developed method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries for all the analytes, derived from the data of control samples fortified at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, ranged from 74 to 110% with a relative standard deviation of ≤8%. The correlation coefficient (R2) was ≥0.997 for all the analytes using matrix-matched calibration standards. The LOD values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 mg/kg, and the LOQ was determined at 0.01 mg/kg for all the sought analytes. The matrix effect was found to be at a considerable level, especially for cypermethrin and deltamethrin, amounting to +90% and +145%, respectively. For the field samples, the unit-to-unit variability factors (VFs) calculated for cypermethrin and deltamethrin were 2.38 and 2.32, respectively, while the average VF for the market basket samples was 5.11. In the market basket samples, residues of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, and indoxacarb were found at levels ≥LOQ and their respective VFs were 7.12, 5.67, 5.28, and 2.40. 相似文献
114.
Holger Ecke Nourreddine Menad Anders Lagerkvist 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):117-126
Dry scrubber residue from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) was characterized to identify critical inorganic pollutants
and to suggest a conceptual treatment method. The key methods used were thermal analysis, including thermogravimetry (TG)
and differential thermal analysis (DTA), pHstat titration, qualitative X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical equilibrium calculations, and
statistics such as error propagation, principal component analysis (PCA), and empirical modeling based on factorial designs.
Based on EU directives, the major inorganic pollutants Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were found. In addition, the pH was too high. With
dry scrubber residue stabilization in mind, the impact of carbonation and hydration was assessed and judged to be encouraging.
In particular, chemical equilibrium calculations showed that carbonation has considerable potential to lower the pH and the
availability of Pb, Zn, and Cr. The impact of carbonation on the mobility of Cd was found to be small. During carbonation,
a metal-trapping calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) phase is also formed. Both processes together have the potential
to lead to a robust, reliable, and reasonable stabilization method for dry scrubber residue. However, to control these processes,
the decisive factors need to be identified and their effects need to be quantified. Ca, Cl, Na, and K might be abundant components
which would be mobile even after stabilization.
Received: September 11, 2001 / Accepted: December 6, 2001 相似文献
115.
116.
迄今为止,国内外有关计算构件耐火极限的方法,是钢筋混凝土构件与防火研究的主要内容。而在结构设计中,由于直接考虑的是荷载作用,为此提出了一个新概念——等效火灾荷载,将火灾对结构的影响直接考虑成荷载作用。在确定了混凝土柱的截面温度场后,利用一种简化计算方法计算出钢筋混凝土柱的等效火灾荷载,进而计算出钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限。在火灾中,作为结构最基本的构件柱可能受到单面或多面的火作用,这里仅介绍轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算。 相似文献
117.
118.
建立了土壤和小麦种子、茎杆中苯达嗪丙酯的残留分析方法.研究了高剂量施药条件下土壤中的消解动态,并测定了土壤、小麦种子和茎杆中的最终残留.苯达嗪丙酯的最低检出限为10ng,在土壤和小麦中的最低检出浓度为0.05mg·kg-1.方法的平均添加回收率为88.7%—103.3%,变异系数为4.3%—16.4%.苯达嗪丙酯的消解动态试验表明:高剂量施药条件下苯达嗪丙酯在土壤中的半衰期分别为2.5d(北京)和3.1d(石家庄);当按推荐剂量施药时,小麦收获前10d,在土壤、小麦种子和茎杆中,北京和石家庄两地均未检出苯达嗪丙酯. 相似文献
119.
The Value of Biodiversity in Reserve Selection: Representation, Species Weighting, and Benefit Functions 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
ANNI ARPONEN§ RISTO K. HEIKKINEN† CHRIS D. THOMAS‡ ATTE MOILANEN 《Conservation biology》2005,19(6):2009-2014
Abstract: The limited availability of resources for conservation has led to the development of many quantitative methods for selecting reserves that aim to maximize the biodiversity value of reserve networks. In published analyses, species are often considered equal, although some are in much greater need of protection than others. Furthermore, representation is usually treated as a threshold: a species is either represented or not, but varying levels of representation over or under a given target level are not valued differently. We propose that a higher representation level should also have higher value. We introduce a framework for reserve selection that includes species weights and benefit functions for under- and overrepresentation (number of locations for each species). We applied the method to conservation planning for herb-rich forests in southern Finland. Our use of benefit functions and weighting changed the identity of about 50% of the selected sites at different funding levels and improved the representation of rare and threatened species. We also identified a small area of additional land that would substantially enhance the existing reserve network. We suggest that benefit functions and species weighting should be considered as standard options in reserve-selection applications. 相似文献
120.
干海子滑坡位于大渡河流域,规模巨大.为研究该滑坡的稳定性,在对滑坡基本特征及变形破坏特征等深入研究的基础上,采用极限平衡法(Geo-slope软件)和有限差分法(FLAC-3D软件)对该滑坡的稳定性和应力应变特征进行了计算、模拟.稳定性计算模拟主要从深层、浅层及局部稳定三方面入手分析,计算模拟结果与滑坡的宏现地质现象均... 相似文献