Accounting for geophysical information in geostatistical characterization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) sites

Efficient and reliable unexploded ordnance (UXO) site characterization is needed for decisions regarding future land use. There are several types of data available at UXO sites and geophysical signal maps are one of the most valuable sources of information. Incorporation of such information into site characterization requires a flexible and reliable methodology. Geostatistics allows one to account for exhaustive secondary information (i.e.,, known at every location within the field) in many different ways. Kriging and logistic regression were combined to map the probability of occurrence of at least one geophysical anomaly of interest, such as UXO, from a limited number of indicator data. Logistic regression is used to derive the trend from a geophysical signal map, and kriged residuals are added to the trend to estimate the probabilities of the presence of UXO at unsampled locations (simple kriging with varying local means or SKlm). Each location is identified for further remedial action if the estimated probability is greater than a given threshold. The technique is illustrated using a hypothetical UXO site generated by a UXO simulator, and a corresponding geophysical signal map. Indicator data are collected along two transects located within the site. Classification performances are then assessed by computing proportions of correct classification, false positive, false negative, and Kappa statistics. Two common approaches, one of which does not take any secondary information into account (ordinary indicator kriging) and a variant of common cokriging (collocated cokriging), were used for comparison purposes. Results indicate that accounting for exhaustive secondary information improves the overall characterization of UXO sites if an appropriate methodology, SKlm in this case, is used.     

新时期基层环境监察执法理念转变的探讨

通过对广元市环境监察执法工作从传统环境监察执法向新时期环境监察执法转变的思考,认识到新时期基层环境监察执法应从接受新思想、新事物、新监察手段、新执法范围和新执法模式上转变,使新的执法理念满足新时期经济发展要求。     

长株潭两型社会的生态市场培育研究

随着长株潭城市群两型社会建设的推进,培育生态市场经济已经成为必然要求。对长株潭两型社会生态市场发展面临的现状进行分析,研究了发展长株潭两型社会生态市场培育的要点与难点,最后借鉴国内外的相关经验,从法制保障、行政规制、经济手段、道德约束等方面,对长株潭两型社会的生态市场培育进行了分析与探讨。     

Sociodemographic effects on place bonding

Patterns of amenity migration and recreational home development in much of the USA since the 1990s are changing the local sociodemographic make-up and the relationships formed among people and place. We use the psychological constructs of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence to assess differences in these relationships among new and long-time residents and absentee and local residents in three rural counties in the Inland Northwest. We measured place bonding using data from a mail survey of local (n = 531) and absentee (n = 239) property owners. We compared structural models suggested in the literature on the psychology of place, and found that a two-dimensional model representing place attachment and place identity was appropriate for both local and absentee property owners. Local owners exhibited stronger place attachment and place identity than absentee owners. Place bonding constructs were also substantially less impacted by the total number of years a property owner had resided on his or her property than by the number of months per year they lived on the property. The findings indicate that sociodemographic changes such as those manifested in second-home development may lead to a population that is less emotionally, behaviorally, and cognitively connected to the places in question, while sociodemographic changes from permanent in-migration may have a substantially smaller effect on place bonding.     

环境高校图书馆人员的在职教育

由于环境科学迅速发展,环境图书激增,环境高等教育也在快速发展,而环境高校大部分图书馆人员没有经过环境专业教育,因此环境高校图书馆人员在职教育很有必要;其主要方式有学历教育、函授教育、岗位培训、专项教育与自学;其重点内容是环境科学,还包括其他相关学科、现代技术、语言工具等.     

美国TRI制度对中国PRTR制度实施的启示

美国有毒物质释放清单(TRI)制度作为最早建立的PRTR制度,不仅完成了公开污染物释放与转移信息、保障公众知情权的目标,还促进了污染物的减排和废物管理方式的改变.分析了美国TRI制度实施的经验,从行政手段推动、逐步扩展PRTR制度内容、信息深入公开与方便利用、加强交流与合作、争取学术界支持、广泛宣传PRTR制度等几方面提出中国PRTR制度实施的意见与建议.     

分子生物学在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用

综述了分子生物学的相关技术在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用，主要包括：通过分子生物技术育种、筛选、构建高效降解污染物微生物菌株；提供更科学、快捷、准确多样的环境监测和环境评价技术手段；探索微生物与环境污染物间的相互关系，及微生物降解污染物的有关基因定位，相关主要技术有：核酸探针检测、DNA-DNA杂交，rRNA和rRNA基因序列分析。质粒指纹图谱分析、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、低分子量PNA分布图及由PCR技术发展而带动的基因多态性技术，如变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）、随机扩增多态性DNA技术（RAPD）等。     

环境试验数据共享与保护的现状及探索研究

随着人们对自然环境试验重要性认识的提高和型号工程管理的科学化,自然环境试验正在贯穿于军用装备设计、研制、生产和采购的全过程。针对此需求,对国内外环境试验数据共享与保护的现状进行了分析研究,并对其共享与保护的必要性进行了分析,提出了共享的重要意义与保护的必要性。最后结合我国环境数据共享与服务面临的问题,对环境试验数据的共享与保护措施提出了一些看法,从而达到激励数据创造、促进数据最大共享化。     

浅议环境经济手段在我国的应用

随着经济的快速发展，环境污染问题成为制约我国经济进一步发展的瓶颈之一，严重地阻碍着我国经济与社会可持续发展战略的实施。指出了环境污染问题的特征，分析了以行政干预为主的方法本身所造成的缺陷，提出必须运用适当的环境经济手段来促进环保事业的发展。同时提出了选择环境经济手段的思路，并对其理论渊源、现状和前景等方面进行了分析。     

基于目标-手段链的生态文明建设绩效的提升对策研究

基于目标-手段链的视角搭建影响生态文明建设绩效的对策框架,并针对框架中所提出的子系统目标提出针对性的对策,形成生态文明建设绩效目标及支撑对策体系之间的"目的 -手段"关系,指出生态文明建设是一个涉及社会主义文明体系建设各方面的系统工程。中国生态文明建设绩效的提升对策应从生态物质文明建设、生态政治文明建设、生态精神文明建设和生态社会文明建设等方面着力,分别采取相应的手段使得生态文明建设的各子目标逐步实现,最终促使生态文明建设绩效提升的总目标得以实现。